ch27.3 and 27.4

Question 1

what is the process by which water enters the earth and becomes groundwater below the surface

Answer 1

infiltration

Question 2

the upper boundary of a saturated zone is called what

Answer 2

water table

Question 3

a rock unit that can transfer water through its pore space is called what

Answer 3

aquifer

Question 4

what part of a material is the percentage of the material’s total volume that is pore space

Answer 4

porosity

Question 5

what is the process of assigning an exact numerical age to an organism, an object, ar an event

Answer 5

absolute dating

Question 6

what is the process of placing objects of events in their proper order in time

Answer 6

relative dating

Question 7

Hutton’s ideas were based on his principle of what, which states that the laws of nature operate today as they have in the past

Answer 7

uniformitarianism

Question 8

what states that an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the youngest rocks will be at the and the oldest rocks will be at the bottom

Answer 8

the principle of superposition

Question 9

what states that an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the youngest rocks will be at the and the oldest rocks will be at the bottom

Answer 9

the principle of superposition

Question 10

what are gaps in the rock record during which erosion occured or deposition was absent

Answer 10

uncomformities

Question 11

the remains or traces of organisms found in the geologic rock record are called what

Answer 11

fossils

Question 12

what percentage of water in earth is salt water

Answer 12

97%

Question 13

what percentage of water on earth is freshwater

Answer 13

3%

Question 14

where is the majority of freshwater found

Answer 14

glaciers

Question 15

where is the smaller percentage of freshwater found

Answer 15

lakes, rivers, and stored as groundwater

Question 16

what is precipitation

Answer 16

some forms pf precipitation are rain,snow,sleet, and/or hail

Question 17

what is runoff

Answer 17

water runs off then land surface

Question 18

what is infiltration

Answer 18

where water goes into the ground

Question 19

what is transpiration

Answer 19

when plants release water vapor unto the atmosphere through their leaves

Question 20

what is evaporation

Answer 20

when water vapor is released from lakes, rivers, and/or oceans

Question 21

what is condensation

Answer 21

the process where water vapor turns into clouds

Question 22

what is the water cycle

Answer 22

the water cycle is the cycle that goes from water to water vapor, then from water vapor to clouds, and then from clouds to precipitation repeatedly

Question 23

what is an unsaturated zone of groundwater storage

Answer 23

is the dry spot where water goes through to the saturated zone

Question 24

what is a saturated zone for groundwater storage

Answer 24

beneath the unsaturated zone,where water completely fills the pore spaces

Question 25

what is a water table

Answer 25

the upper boundary of the saturated zone

Question 26

what does it mean if sediment is permeable

Answer 26

the more permeable the material is the easier water can infiltrate through the ground

Question 27

what is an aquifer

Answer 27

a rock unit that can transfer water through its pore spaces

Question 28

what is the name of the Great Plains aquifer

Answer 28

Ogalala aquifer

Question 29

how many states does the Great Plains run through

Answer 29

8 states

Question 30

what are the names of the states that the great plains aquifer runs through

Answer 30

South Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas

Question 31

what is an aquitard

Answer 31

aquitards keeps water confined

Question 32

how are water springs formed

Answer 32

they form where the water table naturally meets Earths surface

Question 33

what is an artesian well

Answer 33

its a well drilled into pressurized aquifers

Question 34

what is a cone of depression

Answer 34

is the direction that the water flows towards the well