ch27.3 and 27.4 Flashcards
what is the process by which water enters the earth and becomes groundwater below the surface
infiltration
the upper boundary of a saturated zone is called what
water table
a rock unit that can transfer water through its pore space is called what
aquifer
what part of a material is the percentage of the material’s total volume that is pore space
porosity
what is the process of assigning an exact numerical age to an organism, an object, ar an event
absolute dating
what is the process of placing objects of events in their proper order in time
relative dating
Hutton’s ideas were based on his principle of what, which states that the laws of nature operate today as they have in the past
uniformitarianism
what states that an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the youngest rocks will be at the and the oldest rocks will be at the bottom
the principle of superposition
what states that an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the youngest rocks will be at the and the oldest rocks will be at the bottom
the principle of superposition
what are gaps in the rock record during which erosion occured or deposition was absent
uncomformities
the remains or traces of organisms found in the geologic rock record are called what
fossils
what percentage of water in earth is salt water
97%
what percentage of water on earth is freshwater
3%
where is the majority of freshwater found
glaciers
where is the smaller percentage of freshwater found
lakes, rivers, and stored as groundwater
what is precipitation
some forms pf precipitation are rain,snow,sleet, and/or hail
what is runoff
water runs off then land surface
what is infiltration
where water goes into the ground
what is transpiration
when plants release water vapor unto the atmosphere through their leaves
what is evaporation
when water vapor is released from lakes, rivers, and/or oceans
what is condensation
the process where water vapor turns into clouds
what is the water cycle
the water cycle is the cycle that goes from water to water vapor, then from water vapor to clouds, and then from clouds to precipitation repeatedly
what is an unsaturated zone of groundwater storage
is the dry spot where water goes through to the saturated zone
what is a saturated zone for groundwater storage
beneath the unsaturated zone,where water completely fills the pore spaces
what is a water table
the upper boundary of the saturated zone
what does it mean if sediment is permeable
the more permeable the material is the easier water can infiltrate through the ground
what is an aquifer
a rock unit that can transfer water through its pore spaces
what is the name of the Great Plains aquifer
Ogalala aquifer
how many states does the Great Plains run through
8 states
what are the names of the states that the great plains aquifer runs through
South Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas
what is an aquitard
aquitards keeps water confined
how are water springs formed
they form where the water table naturally meets Earths surface
what is an artesian well
its a well drilled into pressurized aquifers
what is a cone of depression
is the direction that the water flows towards the well
