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Physical Science > ch29 > Flashcards

ch29 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a round, three-dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions

A

sphere

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2
Q

what is an elongated, closed curve with two foci

A

ellipse

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3
Q

is Earth a perfect sphere

A

no because the diameter is a little bigger than the height of Earth

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4
Q

what are some ancient observations that support the Earth being a sphere

A

objects fall straight down, shadow of Earth on the moon, in every part of the world we see different stars

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5
Q

what are two things that affect gravitational forces

A

distance and/or size

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6
Q

which diameter of the earth is longer

A

the equator

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7
Q

what does the magnetic field do for earth

A

protects people from solar radiation

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8
Q

which magnetic pole is in the northern hemisphere

A

south magnetic pole

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9
Q

what magnetic pole is in the southern hemisphere

A

north magnetic pole

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10
Q

can the poles flip

A

yes

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11
Q

what degrees is the earths axis tilted

A

11.7 degrees

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12
Q

what is the flip of the poles called

A

its called magnetic reversal

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13
Q

how often does the magnetic reversal happen and when did it happen last

A

200,000 years

780,000 years ago

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14
Q

how often does the magnetic reversal happen and when did it happen last

A

200,000 years

780,000 years ago

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15
Q

what is a magnetosphere

A

it deflects harmful radiation from the sun

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16
Q

how are the aurora’s created

A

is when electrically charged particles colliding with atoms in the atmosphere

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17
Q

what is the scientific name of the northern lights

A

aurora borealis

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18
Q

what is the name of the southern lights

A

aurora australis

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19
Q

when is Earth closest to the sun

A

around early january

140 million kilometers

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20
Q

when is Earth farthest from the sun

A

around early july

152 million kilometers

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21
Q

what is an area 15 degrees wide in which time is the same

A

time zone

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22
Q

what is the spinning of earth on its axis

A

rotation

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23
Q

what is the motion of earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun

A

revolution

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24
Q

what is defined as a plane of Earth’s orbit around the sun

A

ecliptic

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25
Q

what occurs when Earth’s rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun or away from the sun

A

solstice

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26
Q

at what is earth’s rotational axis perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of earth to the center of the sun

A

equinox

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27
Q

Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C.?

A

Babylonians

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28
Q

What was the symbol for degree taken from

A

The Babylonian symbol for the sun

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29
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one day

A

360 degrees

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30
Q

How many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation

A

24 hours

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31
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one hour

A

15 degrees

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32
Q

What direction does the sun rise

A

East

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33
Q

What direction does the sun set

A

west

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34
Q

T or f- All time zones are the exact same size

A

False; they are modified to fit around cities, states, and country borders, and other key sites

35
Q

How many time zones are there in the world

A

24 time zones

36
Q

Which direction do you move to add hours to the time

A

east

37
Q

Which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time

A

west

38
Q

How many time zones are there in the United States

A

6 time zones

39
Q

What are the names of the time zones

A

The Mountain time zone, Eastern time zone

Pacific time zone, Alaskan time zone, Central time zone, and the Hawaiian time zone

40
Q

What is a solar day

A

The earth’s rotation from the sun in the sky from noon one day to noon the next day

41
Q

What is a sidereal day

A

When a certain star rises above the horizon until that same star rises again

42
Q

What are the two main reasons for seasons

A

The axis tilt and how close earth is to the sun

43
Q

Which 2 seasons have a solstice

A

Summer and Winter

44
Q

Which month is the summer solstice

A

june

45
Q

Which month is the winter solstice

A

december

46
Q

Which two seasons are equinoxes

A

Spring and Fall

47
Q

Which month is the spring equinox

A

march

48
Q

which month is the fall equinox

A

september

49
Q

When is the longest day of the year

A

During the Summer Solstice

50
Q

When is the shortest day of the year

A

During the Winter Solstice

51
Q

When are the days almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night

A

During the spring equinox and during the fall equinox

52
Q

what is a rise and fall in the ocean surface

A

tide

53
Q

what reflects the change in appearance of the moon as seen from Earth

A

moon phase

54
Q

what occurs when the moon moves directly between the sun and the earth and casts shadow on earth

A

solar eclipse

55
Q

what occurs when earth passes between the sun and the moon and casts a shadow on the moon

A

lunar eclipse

56
Q

what are the dark-colored, flat, lava filled regions on the moons surface

A

maria

57
Q

what is a layer of dusty material produced by collisions between asteroids and comets and the moon

A

regolith

58
Q

how any days does it take the moon to revolve around the Earth

A

27.3 days

59
Q

a complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called

A

synodic month

60
Q

do we ever see the back side of the moon

A

no

61
Q

what causes a tide to rise or fall

A

the gravitational pulls of the sun and the moon

62
Q

what is the rise of sea level called

A

high tide

63
Q

after the sea rises, how many hours does it take for the sea level drop

A

about 6 hours

64
Q

which is farther from Earth, the sun or the moon

A

the sun

65
Q

does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on Earths tides

A

the moon does

66
Q

how are the sun, and the moon aligned for a spring tide

A

they are in straight line

the sun to the earth to the moon

67
Q

how are the sun, and the moon aligned for a neap tide

A

a 90 degree angle

68
Q

what does the phase of the moon you see depend on

A

the positions of the earth moon and sun relative to each other

69
Q

when does a new moon occur

A

it occurs when the moon is between the earth and the sun

70
Q

how many phases of the moon are there

A

8 phases of the lunar cycle

71
Q

what is the definition of waxing phases

A

us when the illuminated portion of the moon becomes greater and greater every night

72
Q

what is the definition of waning phases

A

is when the illuminated portion of the moon gets less and less every night

73
Q

what are the moon phase names

A

new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibus, full moon, waning gibus, 3rd quarter, waning crescent

74
Q

where is the word month derived from

A

the root word moon

75
Q

how is the earth,sun,and moon aligned during a solar eclipse

A

the moon is between the sun and the Earth

76
Q

how is the earth,sun,and moon aligned during a lunar eclipes

A

the Earth is between the sun and the moon

77
Q

how are the depressions on the moon formed

A

by meteorites, asteroids, and comits

78
Q

are there mountains on the moon

A

yes

79
Q

which side of the moon is thicker

A

the back side

80
Q

is the mantle of the moon a solid or liquid

A

solid

81
Q

what did the clementine spacecraft do

A

it confirmed the thickness of the crust and provided information of the rocks on the moon

82
Q

what did the lunar prospector do

A

took photographs of the moons surface, collected the evidence of water/ice, confirmed the ironage core

83
Q

what is the giant impact theory

A

is a theory the a large sized object collided with earth causing debris to be thrown into orbit that debris condensed into the moon

Physical Science (7 decks)

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