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Physical Science > ch26 > Flashcards

ch26 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

A

A mineral

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2
Q

the color of a mineral in powdered form is called what

A

streak

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3
Q

when a mineral breaks along a preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides

A

it has cleavage

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4
Q

minerals that break with irregular surfaces exhibit what

A

fracture

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5
Q

the physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching is called what

A

hardness

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6
Q

molten rock material inside Earth is called what

A

magma

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7
Q

define rock

A

a naturally formed mixture contained minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic ash

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8
Q

how are rocks identified

A

by their composition and texture

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9
Q

what does the texture of a rock describe about the rock

A

its shape, size, and arrangement of the rock’s components

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10
Q

where do intrusive igneous rocks form

A

within the earth’s crust

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11
Q

what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from

A

magma

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12
Q

what is the name of the series that illustrate simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals

A

bowen’s reactions series

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13
Q

what are the 3 types of magma

A

mafic, intermediate,felsic

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14
Q

which magma type has a low silica content

A

mafic

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15
Q

which magma type has a high silica content

A

felsic

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16
Q

which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz

A

continental crust

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17
Q

which type of crust has little to no quartz

A

oceanic crust and deep continental crust

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18
Q

which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture

A

intrusive igneous rock

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19
Q

which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture

A

extrusive igneous rocks

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20
Q

do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly

A

quickly

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21
Q

what are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock

A

vesicular and porphyritic

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22
Q

which texture is the type with holes left behind because pf rapid cooling

A

vesicular

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23
Q

which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates

A

porphyritic

24
Q

what type of rock has a vesicular texture

A

pumice

25
Q

define clasts

A

small fragments of rocks

26
Q

what types of erosion are rocks on earth’s surface exposed to

A

water, wind, and other forces

27
Q

what does it mean if clasts are being transported

A

it means it is being moved from one place to another

28
Q

what does it mean if clasts are being deposited

A

it means it is dropped of/placed somewhere

29
Q

define pore space

A

is the empty space between clasts

30
Q

define compaction

A

is where clasts stick together due to weight on top of them

31
Q

define cementation

A

when minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystalize in the spaces between clasts

32
Q

how are sedimentary rocks formed

A

starts as clasts, they get compacted, water flows through pore spaces, cementation happens

33
Q

what is another name for clasts

A

detritus

34
Q

what are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts

A

called detrital sedimentary rocks

35
Q

what is the decreasing size of clasts

A

gravel, sand, silt, clay/mud

36
Q

which clast size would be deposited first

A

gravel ( the heavier clast)

37
Q

what are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks

A

conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale

38
Q

how are chemical sedimentary rocks formed

A

from water that contains dissolved solids; mineral crystals also precipitate out of a solution through evaporation

39
Q

if sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms; what are they called

A

biochemical sedimentary rock

40
Q

what are two types of common biochemical sedimentary rocks

A

limestone and coal

41
Q

what are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks

A

biochemical, chemical, and detrital sedimentary rocks

42
Q

metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which three things

A

heat,pressure,and/or chemical reactions

43
Q

which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism

A

any igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

44
Q

what is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas

A

regional metamorphism

45
Q

what is it called when metamorphic in rocks occur over small changes

A

contact metamorphism

46
Q

when shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created

A

slate

47
Q

what are the two types of metamorphic rock textures

A

foliated and nonfoliated

48
Q

define foliated texture

A

has layers and bands

49
Q

define nonfoliated texture

A

random orientation

50
Q

metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things

A

texture and composition

51
Q

define rock cycle

A

is continual change of rocks from one type to another

52
Q

which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle

A

igneous,sedimentary,and metamorphic rocks

53
Q

what are the three types of rocks

A

igneous,sedimentary,and metamorphic

54
Q

which type of rocks form from molten rock

A

igneous rocks

55
Q

which types of rocks are formed from clasts,precipitation,or compressed once living matter

A

sedimentary rocks

56
Q

which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, cand chemical reactions

A

metamorphic rocks

57
Q

what can form from hot water,evaporation,or molten rock

A

minerals

Physical Science (7 decks)

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