ch26 Flashcards
what is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form
A mineral
the color of a mineral in powdered form is called what
streak
when a mineral breaks along a preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides
it has cleavage
minerals that break with irregular surfaces exhibit what
fracture
the physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching is called what
hardness
molten rock material inside Earth is called what
magma
define rock
a naturally formed mixture contained minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic ash
how are rocks identified
by their composition and texture
what does the texture of a rock describe about the rock
its shape, size, and arrangement of the rock’s components
where do intrusive igneous rocks form
within the earth’s crust
what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from
magma
what is the name of the series that illustrate simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals
bowen’s reactions series
what are the 3 types of magma
mafic, intermediate,felsic
which magma type has a low silica content
mafic
which magma type has a high silica content
felsic
which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz
continental crust
which type of crust has little to no quartz
oceanic crust and deep continental crust
which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture
intrusive igneous rock
which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture
extrusive igneous rocks
do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly
quickly
what are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock
vesicular and porphyritic
which texture is the type with holes left behind because pf rapid cooling
vesicular
which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates
porphyritic
what type of rock has a vesicular texture
pumice
define clasts
small fragments of rocks
what types of erosion are rocks on earth’s surface exposed to
water, wind, and other forces
what does it mean if clasts are being transported
it means it is being moved from one place to another
what does it mean if clasts are being deposited
it means it is dropped of/placed somewhere
define pore space
is the empty space between clasts
define compaction
is where clasts stick together due to weight on top of them
define cementation
when minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystalize in the spaces between clasts
how are sedimentary rocks formed
starts as clasts, they get compacted, water flows through pore spaces, cementation happens
what is another name for clasts
detritus
what are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts
called detrital sedimentary rocks
what is the decreasing size of clasts
gravel, sand, silt, clay/mud
which clast size would be deposited first
gravel ( the heavier clast)
what are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks
conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale
how are chemical sedimentary rocks formed
from water that contains dissolved solids; mineral crystals also precipitate out of a solution through evaporation
if sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms; what are they called
biochemical sedimentary rock
what are two types of common biochemical sedimentary rocks
limestone and coal
what are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks
biochemical, chemical, and detrital sedimentary rocks
metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which three things
heat,pressure,and/or chemical reactions
which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism
any igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks
what is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas
regional metamorphism
what is it called when metamorphic in rocks occur over small changes
contact metamorphism
when shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created
slate
what are the two types of metamorphic rock textures
foliated and nonfoliated
define foliated texture
has layers and bands
define nonfoliated texture
random orientation
metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things
texture and composition
define rock cycle
is continual change of rocks from one type to another
which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle
igneous,sedimentary,and metamorphic rocks
what are the three types of rocks
igneous,sedimentary,and metamorphic
which type of rocks form from molten rock
igneous rocks
which types of rocks are formed from clasts,precipitation,or compressed once living matter
sedimentary rocks
which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, cand chemical reactions
metamorphic rocks
what can form from hot water,evaporation,or molten rock
minerals
