ch26

Question 1

what is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

Answer 1

A mineral

Question 2

the color of a mineral in powdered form is called what

Answer 2

streak

Question 3

when a mineral breaks along a preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides

Answer 3

it has cleavage

Question 4

minerals that break with irregular surfaces exhibit what

Answer 4

fracture

Question 5

the physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching is called what

Answer 5

hardness

Question 6

molten rock material inside Earth is called what

Answer 6

magma

Question 7

define rock

Answer 7

a naturally formed mixture contained minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic ash

Question 8

how are rocks identified

Answer 8

by their composition and texture

Question 9

what does the texture of a rock describe about the rock

Answer 9

its shape, size, and arrangement of the rock’s components

Question 10

where do intrusive igneous rocks form

Answer 10

within the earth’s crust

Question 11

what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from

Answer 11

magma

Question 12

what is the name of the series that illustrate simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals

Answer 12

bowen’s reactions series

Question 13

what are the 3 types of magma

Answer 13

mafic, intermediate,felsic

Question 14

which magma type has a low silica content

Answer 14

mafic

Question 15

which magma type has a high silica content

Answer 15

felsic

Question 16

which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz

Answer 16

continental crust

Question 17

which type of crust has little to no quartz

Answer 17

oceanic crust and deep continental crust

Question 18

which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture

Answer 18

intrusive igneous rock

Question 19

which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture

Answer 19

extrusive igneous rocks

Question 20

do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly

Answer 20

quickly

Question 21

what are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock

Answer 21

vesicular and porphyritic

Question 22

which texture is the type with holes left behind because pf rapid cooling

Answer 22

vesicular

Question 23

which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates

Answer 23

porphyritic

Question 24

what type of rock has a vesicular texture

Answer 24

pumice

Question 25

define clasts

Answer 25

small fragments of rocks

Question 26

what types of erosion are rocks on earth's surface exposed to

Answer 26

water, wind, and other forces

Question 27

what does it mean if clasts are being transported

Answer 27

it means it is being moved from one place to another

Question 28

what does it mean if clasts are being deposited

Answer 28

it means it is dropped of/placed somewhere

Question 29

define pore space

Answer 29

is the empty space between clasts

Question 30

define compaction

Answer 30

is where clasts stick together due to weight on top of them

Question 31

define cementation

Answer 31

when minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystalize in the spaces between clasts

Question 32

how are sedimentary rocks formed

Answer 32

starts as clasts, they get compacted, water flows through pore spaces, cementation happens

Question 33

what is another name for clasts

Answer 33

detritus

Question 34

what are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts

Answer 34

called detrital sedimentary rocks

Question 35

what is the decreasing size of clasts

Answer 35

gravel, sand, silt, clay/mud

Question 36

which clast size would be deposited first

Answer 36

gravel ( the heavier clast)

Question 37

what are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks

Answer 37

conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale

Question 38

how are chemical sedimentary rocks formed

Answer 38

from water that contains dissolved solids; mineral crystals also precipitate out of a solution through evaporation

Question 39

if sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms; what are they called

Answer 39

biochemical sedimentary rock

Question 40

what are two types of common biochemical sedimentary rocks

Answer 40

limestone and coal

Question 41

what are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks

Answer 41

biochemical, chemical, and detrital sedimentary rocks

Question 42

metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which three things

Answer 42

heat,pressure,and/or chemical reactions

Question 43

which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism

Answer 43

any igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

Question 44

what is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas

Answer 44

regional metamorphism

Question 45

what is it called when metamorphic in rocks occur over small changes

Answer 45

contact metamorphism

Question 46

when shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created

Answer 46

slate

Question 47

what are the two types of metamorphic rock textures

Answer 47

foliated and nonfoliated

Question 48

define foliated texture

Answer 48

has layers and bands

Question 49

define nonfoliated texture

Answer 49

random orientation

Question 50

metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things

Answer 50

texture and composition

Question 51

define rock cycle

Answer 51

is continual change of rocks from one type to another

Question 52

which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle

Answer 52

igneous,sedimentary,and metamorphic rocks

Question 53

what are the three types of rocks

Answer 53

igneous,sedimentary,and metamorphic

Question 54

which type of rocks form from molten rock

Answer 54

igneous rocks

Question 55

which types of rocks are formed from clasts,precipitation,or compressed once living matter

Answer 55

sedimentary rocks

Question 56

which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, cand chemical reactions

Answer 56

metamorphic rocks

Question 57

what can form from hot water,evaporation,or molten rock

Answer 57

minerals