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Physical Science > Ch 28 > Flashcards

Ch 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

Our weather takes place in what; a layer extending an average of 12 km above earth’s surface.

A

troposphere

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2
Q

what occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

A

temperature inversion

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3
Q

what is a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation

A

greenhouse effect

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4
Q

how are earth’s atmospheric layers divided

A

based on composition and temperature

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5
Q

what gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere

A

nitrogen; 78%

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6
Q

what is the second most abundant gas found in the atmosphere

A

oxygen 21%

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7
Q

what is the 1% of the gasses called

A

trace gasses which is mostly argon

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8
Q

in the troposphere layer does the temperature increase or decrease with altitude

A

decreases

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9
Q

how many layers are there in earth’s atmosphere

A

there are 5 layers

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10
Q

what are the names of the layers starting closest to the surface

A

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

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11
Q

which layer is the ozone layer located in

A

the stratosphere

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12
Q

does the temperature increase or decrease in the stratosphere

A

temperature increases

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13
Q

does temperature increase or decrease in the mesosphere

A

decreases until reaching higher layer than increases

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14
Q

does the thermosphere and the exosphere impact weather

A

no they do not

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15
Q

what is a narrow band of fast-moving, high-altitude air

A

jet stream

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16
Q

the apparent deflection of an object due to Earth’s rotations is called what

A

Coriolis Effect

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17
Q

what is a large volume of air within uniform moisture and temperature throughout

A

Air mass

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18
Q

Air masses interact in zones are called what

A

Weather fronts

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19
Q

is there only one jet stream in the world

A

no there is 4

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20
Q

how many pressure systems are there

A

there are two

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21
Q

what is the low pressure system also known as

A

a low

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22
Q

which direction does a low pressure system flow

A

counterclockwise

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23
Q

what are some results of a low pressure system

A

air rises, clouds form, precipitation happens

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24
Q

what is a high pressure system also known as

A

a high

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25
Q

what direction does a high pressure system flow

A

clockwise

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26
Q

what does a high pressure system cause

A

air sinks. clear skies

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27
Q

what are the 4 weather fronts

A

cold front, warm front, stationary front, and occluded front

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28
Q

what causes cold front

A

when cold causes warm air to rise

29
Q

what is a cold front represented by on the news

A

they are represented by blue triangles

30
Q

how are warm fronts created

A

warm air rises gently above cold air

31
Q

what are the warm fronts represented by in the news

A

red cemi-circles

32
Q

how do stationary fronts form

A

cold and warm air masses meeting together and neither front advances

33
Q

how are stationary fronts represented by in the news

A

alternating cemi-circles and triangles

34
Q

how are occluded fronts created

A

a fast moving cold front overtakes a warm front

35
Q

how are occluded fronts represented in the news

A

purple alternating cemi-circles

36
Q

what is a climate that is strongly affected by an ocean

A

Maritime climate

37
Q

what is a climate that is not directly affected by an ocean

A

continental climate

38
Q

what blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon, when the land is warmer than the water

A

sea breeze

39
Q

what is climate

A

its long term average of weather conditions

40
Q

what is weather

A

is the day to day outside conditions

41
Q

what are the five spheres

A

lithosphere,hydrosphere,cryosphere,biosphere,and atmosphere

42
Q

what is the atmosphere

A

the air around us

43
Q

what is the biosphere

A

is everything organic

44
Q

what is the hydrosphere

A

is liquid water

45
Q

what is the cryosphere

A

is frozen water in snow, ice, and glaciers

46
Q

what is the lithosphere

A

earths outermost layer

47
Q

what is the primary factor that influences climate

A

latitude

48
Q

where is the solar radiation most intense on earth

A

the equator

49
Q

at what degrees do the sun rays hit earth’s tropic zone

A

90 degrees

50
Q

what degrees does the suns rays hit the temperate zone

A

45 degrees

51
Q

what degrees does the suns rays hit hit the polar zone

A

30 degrees

52
Q

what zone are we located in

A

temperate zone

53
Q

what factors determine climate

A

precipitation, mountains, bodies of water

54
Q

what is the windward side like on the mountain range

A

air is cool and wet and lots of vegetation

55
Q

what is it like on the leeward side of a mountain range

A

its warm and dry with little to no vegetation

56
Q

which climate zone and what type of vegetation does colorado have

A

warm and semi-arid

57
Q

an increase in the average temperatures of Earth’s near-surface air and ocean is called what

A

global warming

58
Q

what is the warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of western South Africa that occurs every 3 to 10 years

A

el nino

59
Q

the opposite of el nino is what, which occurs when trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal

A

la nina

60
Q

what are two climate changes the earth undergoes

A

seasonal and long-term

61
Q

how do seasonal changes to happen on earth

A

it revolving around the sun

62
Q

which hemisphere is in summer

A

the hemisphere that is tilted toward the sun

63
Q

what is the period of time that the earth was covered in ice

A

the ice age

64
Q

how long ago did the world reach its current pattern

A

about 3000 years ago

65
Q

what are some factors that cause climate change

A

earths axis, the shape of the orbit, timing of the season

66
Q

what causes an increase in climate

A

energy consumption, deforestation, and industrial and agricultural practice

67
Q

what is deforestation

A

is when a large area of trees get cut or burned

68
Q

how does deforestation cause climate to increase

A

because trees absorb co2 and if fewer trees are around the bigger the amount of co32 is in the atmosphere

69
Q

what are the two ways the carbon cycle is affected

A

by deforestation and loss of vegetation

Physical Science (7 decks)

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