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Modern EU History > Ch26 > Flashcards

Ch26 Flashcards

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1
Q

US stock market crashes

A

1929

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2
Q

Global depression begins

A

1929

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3
Q

Soviet leadership initiates “liquidation of the kulaks”

A

1929

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4
Q

Stalin’s first five-year plan officially begins

A

1929

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5
Q

Japan invades Manchuria

A

1931

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6
Q

Spanish republicans overthrow monarchy

A

1931

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7
Q

Hitler comest to power in Germany

A

1933

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8
Q

German government enacts Nuremberg Laws

A

1935

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9
Q

Italy invades Ethiopia

A

1935

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10
Q

Purges and show trials begin in USSR

A

1936

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11
Q

Hitler remilitarizes Rhineland

A

1936

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12
Q

Spanish Civil War begins

A

1936

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13
Q

Japan attacks China

A

1937

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14
Q

Germany annexes Austria

A

1938

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15
Q

European leaders meet in Munich to negotiate with Hitler

A

1936

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16
Q

Kristallnacht in Germany

A

1938

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17
Q

Germany invades Czechoslovakia

A

1939

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18
Q

Spanish Civil War ends

A

1939

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19
Q

Nazi-Soviet Pact

A

1939

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20
Q

Germany invades Poland

A

1939

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21
Q

Britain and France declare war on Germany

A

1939

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22
Q

World War II begins

A

1939

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23
Q

France falls to German army

A

1940

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24
Q

British air force fends off German attacks in the battle of Britain

A

1940 - 1941

25
Q

Germany invades Soviet Union

A

1941

26
Q

Japan attacks Pearl Harbor

A

1941

27
Q

United States enters war

A

1941

28
Q

The Holocaust

A

1941 - 1945

29
Q

Siege of Stalingrad

A

1942 - 1943

30
Q

Allied forces land at Normandy, France

A

1944

31
Q

Berlin falls

A

1945

32
Q

United States drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

A

1945

33
Q

World War II ends

A

1945

34
Q

Which year the Great Economic depression started?

A

1929 (ended 1932)

35
Q

Which year Adolf Hitler came into power in Germany?

A

1933, became Chancellor of Weimar Republic

36
Q

When did World War 2 start and end?

A

1939 - 1945

37
Q

What was the Holocaust? What made it a singular event in history?

A

Term for genocide of six million Jews by Nazi regime during WW2. Nazis wanted to eliminate the entire Jewish community of Europe and transported them to concentration camps.

Hitler bought into myth that Jews and Communists had betrayed the country and brought a left-wing government to power that had wanted to throw in the towel.

38
Q

What do we understand by “appeasement politics”? Which events of the year 1938 are connected with this term?

A

The act of giving the opposing side in an argument or war an advantage that they have demanded, in order to prevent further disagreement.

The Munich Agreement (1938) is best known example of appeasement. Signed by Britain, France, Germany and Italy. Strategy did not stop Adolf Hitler and the Nazis as they were determined to conquer territory and wage war

39
Q

civil disobedience

A

The act of deliberately but peacefully breaking the law, a tactic used by Mohandas Gandhi in India and earlier by British suffragists to protest oppression and obtain political change.

40
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

Leader of the USSR who, with considerable backing, formed a brutal dictatorship in the 1930s and forcefully converted the country into an industrial power.

41
Q

five-year plans

A

Centralized programs for economic development began in 1929 by Joseph Stalin and copied by Adolf Hitler; these plans set production priorities and gave production targets for individual industries and agriculture.

42
Q

purges

A

The series of attacks on citizens of the USSR accused of being “wreckers,” or saboteurs of communism, in the 1930s and later.

43
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

1889–1945. Chancellor of Germany (1933–1945) who, with considerable backing, overturned democratic government, created the Third Reich, persecuted millions, and ultimately led Germany and the world into World War II.

44
Q

Enabling Act

A

The legislation passed in 1933 suspending constitutional government for four years in order to meet the crisis in the German economy

45
Q

pump priming

A

An economic policy used by governments, including the Nazis in Germany, to stimulate the economy through public works programs and other infusions of public funds.

46
Q

Nuremberg Laws

A

Legislation enacted by the Nazis in 1935 that deprived Jewish Germans of their citizenship and imposed many other hardships on them.

47
Q

Popular Front

A

An alliance of political parties (initially led by Léon Blum in France) in the 1930s to resist fascism despite philosophical differences.

48
Q

Lebensraum

A

Literally, “living space”; the land that Hitler proposed to conquer so that the people he defined as true Aryans might have sufficient space to live their noble lives.

49
Q

appeasement

A

Making concessions in the face of grievances as a way of preventing conflict.

50
Q

Nazi-Soviet Pact

A

The agreement reached in 1939 by Germany and the Soviet Union in which both agreed not to attack the other in case of war and to divide any conquered territories.

51
Q

Blitzkrieg

A

, “lightning war”; a strategy for the conduct of war (used by the Germans in World War II) quickly and overwhelmingly attackting the enemy, leaving it unable to resist psychologically or militarily.

52
Q

How did the Great Depression affect society and politics?

A

it crushed the stock market, it made people poor, lost homes and became homeless, starved to death, banks were out of money. Countries changed directions and imperial countries focused on their colonies instead of their neighbors.

53
Q

What role did violence play in the Soviet and Nazi regimes?

A

Both parties used the tactic of violence to both rise in power and remain in power

54
Q

How did the democracies’ responses to the twin challenges of economic depression and the rise of fascism differ from those of totalitarian regimes?

A
  1. Democracy backed away from principles of limited interference in the marketplace: Economic reforms helped the poorest workers and the unemployed, those most likely to blame the government for their problems and turn to nondemocratic solutions
  2. Parties united in Popular Front: antifascist coalition called the Popular Front, which created a government, made reforms that extended welfare benefits, protected working people’s rights, and celebrated democracy.
  3. Political leaders used propaganda: Unlike fascist leaders, the American president FDR used radio broadcasts and public speeches to sustain faith in democratic rights, popular government, and justice.
55
Q

How did the aggression of Japan, Germany, and Italy create the conditions for global war?

A

They thought they should rule more territories. Japan wanted to became the leader among Asian countries. They followed and learned how from the European Institutions.

The Italians in a sense felt betrayed by the peace deal at the end of WW1. Out of all the Allied powers they fared worse despite having a number of territorial claims against Austria-Hungarian Empire

56
Q

How and where was World War II fought, and what were its major consequences?

A

major redrawing of political and geographical boundaries, with Germany losing significant territory to the East, Poland ‘moved westwards’.

Finland and Austria regained their independence

created the cold war, competition for ideological supremacy

eventual collapse of the soviet union

creation of the state of israel and EU

germany and japan become economic powerhouses

collapse of colonialism

57
Q

Compare fascist ideas of the individual with the idea of individual rights that inspired the American and French Revolutions.

A

Fascist: individuals are nothing. Goal in life is to serve the state. Rights are irrelevant.

Americans: natural life (life liberty and pursuit of happiness).

58
Q

What connections can you make between the Great Depression and the coming of World War II?

A

The depression was ended and prosperity restored, by the sharp reductions in spending, taxes and regulation at the end of world war II

59
Q

What were the major differences between World War I and World War II?

A

a. Japan was directly involved which meant a whole new, Pacific, theater of war (and subsequent use of nuclear weaponry (see next)

b. Indiscriminate and even purposeful targeting of civilian casualties

Modern EU History (11 decks)

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