Ch26 Flashcards
1
Q
US stock market crashes
A
1929
2
Q
Global depression begins
A
1929
3
Q
Soviet leadership initiates “liquidation of the kulaks”
A
1929
4
Q
Stalin’s first five-year plan officially begins
A
1929
5
Q
Japan invades Manchuria
A
1931
6
Q
Spanish republicans overthrow monarchy
A
1931
7
Q
Hitler comest to power in Germany
A
1933
8
Q
German government enacts Nuremberg Laws
A
1935
9
Q
Italy invades Ethiopia
A
1935
10
Q
Purges and show trials begin in USSR
A
1936
11
Q
Hitler remilitarizes Rhineland
A
1936
12
Q
Spanish Civil War begins
A
1936
13
Q
Japan attacks China
A
1937
14
Q
Germany annexes Austria
A
1938
15
Q
European leaders meet in Munich to negotiate with Hitler
A
1936
16
Q
Kristallnacht in Germany
A
1938
17
Q
Germany invades Czechoslovakia
A
1939
18
Q
Spanish Civil War ends
A
1939
19
Q
Nazi-Soviet Pact
A
1939
20
Q
Germany invades Poland
A
1939
21
Q
Britain and France declare war on Germany
A
1939
22
Q
World War II begins
A
1939
23
Q
France falls to German army
A
1940
24
Q
British air force fends off German attacks in the battle of Britain
A
1940 - 1941
25
Germany invades Soviet Union
1941
26
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
1941
27
United States enters war
1941
28
The Holocaust
1941 - 1945
29
Siege of Stalingrad
1942 - 1943
30
Allied forces land at Normandy, France
1944
31
Berlin falls
1945
32
United States drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1945
33
World War II ends
1945
34
Which year the Great Economic depression started?
1929 (ended 1932)
35
Which year Adolf Hitler came into power in Germany?
1933, became Chancellor of Weimar Republic
36
When did World War 2 start and end?
1939 - 1945
37
What was the Holocaust? What made it a singular event in history?
Term for genocide of six million Jews by Nazi regime during WW2. Nazis wanted to eliminate the entire Jewish community of Europe and transported them to concentration camps.
Hitler bought into myth that Jews and Communists had betrayed the country and brought a left-wing government to power that had wanted to throw in the towel.
38
What do we understand by “appeasement politics”? Which events of the year 1938 are connected with this term?
The act of giving the opposing side in an argument or war an advantage that they have demanded, in order to prevent further disagreement.
The Munich Agreement (1938) is best known example of appeasement. Signed by Britain, France, Germany and Italy. Strategy did not stop Adolf Hitler and the Nazis as they were determined to conquer territory and wage war
39
civil disobedience
The act of deliberately but peacefully breaking the law, a tactic used by Mohandas Gandhi in India and earlier by British suffragists to protest oppression and obtain political change.
40
Joseph Stalin
Leader of the USSR who, with considerable backing, formed a brutal dictatorship in the 1930s and forcefully converted the country into an industrial power.
41
five-year plans
Centralized programs for economic development began in 1929 by Joseph Stalin and copied by Adolf Hitler; these plans set production priorities and gave production targets for individual industries and agriculture.
42
purges
The series of attacks on citizens of the USSR accused of being “wreckers,” or saboteurs of communism, in the 1930s and later.
43
Adolf Hitler
1889–1945. Chancellor of Germany (1933–1945) who, with considerable backing, overturned democratic government, created the Third Reich, persecuted millions, and ultimately led Germany and the world into World War II.
44
Enabling Act
The legislation passed in 1933 suspending constitutional government for four years in order to meet the crisis in the German economy
45
pump priming
An economic policy used by governments, including the Nazis in Germany, to stimulate the economy through public works programs and other infusions of public funds.
46
Nuremberg Laws
Legislation enacted by the Nazis in 1935 that deprived Jewish Germans of their citizenship and imposed many other hardships on them.
47
Popular Front
An alliance of political parties (initially led by Léon Blum in France) in the 1930s to resist fascism despite philosophical differences.
48
Lebensraum
Literally, “living space”; the land that Hitler proposed to conquer so that the people he defined as true Aryans might have sufficient space to live their noble lives.
49
appeasement
Making concessions in the face of grievances as a way of preventing conflict.
50
Nazi-Soviet Pact
The agreement reached in 1939 by Germany and the Soviet Union in which both agreed not to attack the other in case of war and to divide any conquered territories.
51
Blitzkrieg
, “lightning war”; a strategy for the conduct of war (used by the Germans in World War II) quickly and overwhelmingly attackting the enemy, leaving it unable to resist psychologically or militarily.
52
How did the Great Depression affect society and politics?
it crushed the stock market, it made people poor, lost homes and became homeless, starved to death, banks were out of money. Countries changed directions and imperial countries focused on their colonies instead of their neighbors.
53
What role did violence play in the Soviet and Nazi regimes?
Both parties used the tactic of violence to both rise in power and remain in power
54
How did the democracies’ responses to the twin challenges of economic depression and the rise of fascism differ from those of totalitarian regimes?
1. Democracy backed away from principles of limited interference in the marketplace: Economic reforms helped the poorest workers and the unemployed, those most likely to blame the government for their problems and turn to nondemocratic solutions
2. Parties united in Popular Front: antifascist coalition called the Popular Front, which created a government, made reforms that extended welfare benefits, protected working people's rights, and celebrated democracy.
3. Political leaders used propaganda: Unlike fascist leaders, the American president FDR used radio broadcasts and public speeches to sustain faith in democratic rights, popular government, and justice.
55
How did the aggression of Japan, Germany, and Italy create the conditions for global war?
They thought they should rule more territories. Japan wanted to became the leader among Asian countries. They followed and learned how from the European Institutions.
The Italians in a sense felt betrayed by the peace deal at the end of WW1. Out of all the Allied powers they fared worse despite having a number of territorial claims against Austria-Hungarian Empire
56
How and where was World War II fought, and what were its major consequences?
major redrawing of political and geographical boundaries, with Germany losing significant territory to the East, Poland 'moved westwards'.
Finland and Austria regained their independence
created the cold war, competition for ideological supremacy
eventual collapse of the soviet union
creation of the state of israel and EU
germany and japan become economic powerhouses
collapse of colonialism
57
Compare fascist ideas of the individual with the idea of individual rights that inspired the American and French Revolutions.
Fascist: individuals are nothing. Goal in life is to serve the state. Rights are irrelevant.
Americans: natural life (life liberty and pursuit of happiness).
58
What connections can you make between the Great Depression and the coming of World War II?
The depression was ended and prosperity restored, by the sharp reductions in spending, taxes and regulation at the end of world war II
59
What were the major differences between World War I and World War II?
a. Japan was directly involved which meant a whole new, Pacific, theater of war (and subsequent use of nuclear weaponry (see next)
b. Indiscriminate and even purposeful targeting of civilian casualties
