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Modern EU History > Ch25 > Flashcards

Ch25 Flashcards

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1
Q

Suffrage for women expands in much of Europe

A

1913 - 1925

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2
Q

World War I begins

A

1914

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3
Q

Irish nationalists stage Easter Uprising against British rule

A

1916

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4
Q

Revolution in Russia overturns tsarist autocracy

A

March, 1917

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5
Q

United States enters World War I

A

April, 1917

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6
Q

Bolshevik Revolution in Russia

A

November, 1917

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7
Q

Armistice ends fighting of World War I

A

November, 1918

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8
Q

Revolutionary turmoil throughout Germany

A

November, 1918

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9
Q

Kaiser abdicates

A

November, 1918

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10
Q

Civil war in Russia

A

1918 - 1922

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11
Q

Weimar Republic is established

A

1919

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12
Q

Paris Peace Conference redraws map of Europe

A

1919 - 1920

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13
Q

Ireland gains independence

A

1922

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14
Q

Fascist march on Rome

A

1922

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15
Q

Mussolini becomes prime minister

A

1922

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16
Q

Joyce, Ulysses

A

1922

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17
Q

Hitler builds Nazi Party

A

1922

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18
Q

Lenin dies

A

1924

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19
Q

Stalin and Trotsky contend for power

A

1924

20
Q

Period of general economic prosperity and stability

A

1924 - 1929

21
Q

Stock market crash in United States

A

October, 1929

22
Q

Which year ended tsarist autocracy in Russia?

A

1917

23
Q

Which year the German Weimar Republic was established?

A

1919

24
Q

Which were the main results of World War 1? Please give at least four results

A
  1. Destroyed 4 empires: German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Romanov
  2. Economic destruction
  3. Treaty of Versailles
  4. Feeling of betrayal in Germany which paved the way to World War 2
25
Q

Total war

A

A war with full mobilization of soldiers, civilians, and technology of the nations involved.

26
Q

Cult of the offensive

A

A military strategy of constantly attacking the enemy that was believed to be the key to winning World War I but that brought great loss of life nit victory

27
Q

Schlieffen Plan

A

The Germans’ strategy in World War I that called for attacks on two fronts — concentrating first on France to the west and then turning east to attack
Russia.

28
Q

Fourteen points

A

U.S. president Woodrow Wilson’s World War I peace proposal;
To ensure
- official end of war
- impose repatriation costs
- address colonial issues
- League of Nations founded(prevent future wars)

29
Q

Soviets

A

Councils of workers and soldiers first formed in Russia in the Revolution of 1905;

they were revived to represent the people in the early days of the 1917 Russian Revolution.

30
Q

V.I Lenin

A

Bolshevik leader started Bolshevik Revolution in the fall of 1917, took Russia out of World War I, and imposed communism in Russia.

31
Q

Bolshevik Revolution

A

The overthrow of Russia’s Monarch in the fall of 1917 by V. I. Lenin and his Bolshevik forces

32
Q

Weimar republic

A

The parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the monarchy.

33
Q

Peace of Paris

A

The series of peace treaties (1919–1920) that provided the settlement of World War I.

The Treaty of Versailles with Germany was the centerpiece of the Peace of Paris.

34
Q

League of Nations

A

The international organization set up following World War I to maintain peace by arbitrating disputes and promoting collective security.

35
Q

mandate system

A

The political control over the former colonies and territories of the German and Ottoman Empires granted to the victors of World War I by the League of Nations.

36
Q

Benito Musssini

A

Leader of Italian fascist movement and, after the March on Rome in 1922, dictator of Italy

37
Q

Facism

A

A doctrine that emphasizes violence and glorifies the state over the people and their individual or civil rights; in Italy, the Fascist Party took hold in the 1920s as Mussolini consolidated power.

38
Q

In what ways was World War I a total war?

A

Mobilization of entire societies, economic and industrial resources

39
Q

Why did people rebel during World War I, and what turned rebellion into outright revolution in Russia?

A

Due to war fatigue, economic hardships, and loss of life.

40
Q

What were the major outcomes of the postwar peacemaking process?

A

reaty of Versailles, League of Nations, redrawing of national borders.
↳ Women voted into parliament, attempts to create separate governments.

41
Q

What were the major political, social, and economic problems facing postwar Europe, and how did governments attempt to address them?

A

Political instability, social unrest, economic depression

↳Through political reforms, social welfare programs, and economic policies, refugees were taken in, revolts were addressed by parliament

42
Q

How did the postwar atmosphere influence cultural expression and encourage the trend toward dictatorship?

A

The desire for stability and strong leadership amidst chaos, mass culture allowed authoritarian rulers to shape political thought and control citizens.

43
Q

How did the experience of war shape postwar mass politics?

A

destroyed empires

new nation-states, encouraged independence movements in Europe’s colonies

USA becoming world power

led directly to Soviet communism and the rise of Hitler

44
Q

What social changes from World War I carried over into the postwar years, and why?

A

altered status of women

The Representation of the People Act 1918 granted the vote to all men over the age of 21, and 8.5m women over 30 who were householders or who owned property.

45
Q

How did postwar artistic and cultural innovations build on the modern movements that developed between 1890 and 1914?

A

Art produced postwar portrayed a Utopian Fantasy turned upside down: dystopias of life in a war-traumatized Europe multiplied

46
Q

What changes did the war bring to relationships between European countries and
their Colonies?

A

People living in the colonies began to campaign for their rights, leading to many specific independent movements

47
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

Germany had to

  • give Alsace and Lorraine to France
  • Pay 132 billion gold marks for restoration
  • reduce army
  • give up colonies
  • article 231 ( war guilt clause - germany fully responsible for ww1)

Modern EU History (11 decks)

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