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Modern EU History > Ch19 > Flashcards

Ch19 Flashcards

1
Q

Dutch Patriot revolt is stifled by Prussian Invasion

A

1787

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2
Q

Beginning of Austrian Netherlands resistance against reforms of Joseph II

A

1788

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3
Q

Opening of Reform Parliament in Poland

A

1788

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4
Q

French Revolution begins

A

1789

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5
Q

Internal divisions lead to collapse of resistance in Austrian Netherlands

A

1790

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6
Q

Beginning of slave revolt in St. Domingue (Haiti)

A

1791

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7
Q

Beginning of war between France and Europe

A

1792

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8
Q

2nd revolution of August 10 overthrows monarchy

A

1792

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9
Q

2nd partition of Poland by Austria and Russia

A

1793

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10
Q

Louis XVI of France executed for treason

A

1793

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11
Q

Abolition of slavery in French colonies

A

1794

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12
Q

Robespierre’s government by terror falls

A

1794

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13
Q

3rd partition of Poland

A

1795

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14
Q

France annexes Austrian Netherlands

A

1795

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15
Q

Creation of “sister republics” in Italian states and Switzerland

A

1797 - 1798

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16
Q

Which year is regarded as the beginning of the French Revolution? Please give some crucial events beginning of the revolution

A

1789

  1. May - Calling of the Estates-General
  2. July - Storming of the Bastille
  3. August - Declaration of the ”Rights of Man and of the Citizen”
  4. October - Women’s March on Versailles
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17
Q

Which year Poland was divided among its neighbors and as a consequence disappeared from the European map? Who were these neighbors?

A

1795

Russia, Prussia, Austria

18
Q

Which new ideas were transported to Europe by the French Revolution?

A

Ideas of Enlightenment: Overthrow monarchy, Secularization (religious —> non-religious), Political participation, Liberty and equality, Nationalism

19
Q

What was the main slogan of French Revolution?

A

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

20
Q

July 14th is the National holiday of France until today. Which historical event is celebrated at this day?

A

The storming of the Bastille

July 14, 1789

21
Q

Estates General

A

Body of disputes from three estates / orders of France. The clergy (First Estate), the nobility (Second Estate) and everyone else (Third Estate)

22
Q

The clergy
First Estate

A

170,000 priests, monks, and nuns of the Catholic Church, owned 10% of land and collected 10% of taxes

23
Q

The nobility
Second Estate

A

140,000 men and women owned about 1/3 of land and enjoyed many tax benefits. Collected dues and rents from their peasant tenants

24
Q

Third Estate

A

Represented everyone else, 95% of the nation’s vast mass of peasants (75% of population) and the sans-culottes (“without breeches”) and middle classes of the cities

25
Q

Great Fear

A

1789 French rural panic, which led to peasant attacks on aristocrats

26
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

A

preamble to the French constitution drafted in August 1789; it established the sovereignty of the nation and equal rights for citizens.

27
Q

Jacobin Club

A

A French political club formed in 1789. National network whose members dominated the revolutionary government during the Terror.

28
Q

Maximilien Robespierre

A

Leader of the Committee of Public Safety, laid out the principles of a republic of virtue and of the Terror

29
Q

Terror

A

Committee of Public Safety arrest dissidents and execute opponents in order to protect the republic from its enemies.

30
Q

de-Christianization

A

Campaign of extremist republicans against organized churches to achieve belief system based on reason.

31
Q

Thermidorian Reaction

A

The violent backlash against the rule of Robespierre that ended the Terror and punished Jacobins and their supporters.

↳The new government purged Jacobins from local bodies and replaced them with their opponents.

32
Q

Tennis court oath

A

Determination of the Third Estate to carry constitutional revolution.

33
Q

Jacobin Club 2 Fractions:

A
  1. The Girondins - Growing power of Parisian militants
  2. The Mountain - The deputy Georges-Jacques Danton (1759–1794), Robespierre’s main competitor, maintained that “after bread, the first need of the people is education.”
34
Q

How did the beginning of the French Revolution resemble the other revolutions of 1787–1789?

A

The beginning of the French Revolution was all about “human rights and broad based political participation”, but also fell into a cycle of violence as well.

35
Q

Why did the French Revolution turn in an increasingly radical direction after 1789?

A

1 Women became involved in the revolution.

  1. Fight against privilege of the nobility and clergy
  2. Bad harvest of 1788 led to an increase in the food process threatening starvation in 1789
  3. The storming of Bastille prison 1789.
36
Q

Why did some groups outside of France embrace the French Revolution while others resisted it?

A

It led to more civil liberties for people in France and looked as it would lead Europe too

It was improving the separation of church and state.

37
Q

Should the French Revolution be viewed as the origin of democracy or the origin of totalitarianism

A

French revolution used totalitarian means but goal was democracy.

38
Q

Why did other European rulers find the French Revolution so threatening?

A

it did away with monarchy.
The French executed their king, and completely took power away from 1 person, and somewhat evenly, dispersed power among the people.

39
Q

What made the French revolutionary armies so powerful in this period?

A

These men were also emotionally invested and “they all fought for this revolution that themselves and their brothers and sisters helped make”.

There were also new means of mobilizing and organizing soldiers which led them to dominate Europe.

40
Q

How was the French Revolution related to the Enlightenment that preceded it?

A

Focused on the people having the power and the government not having divine rights.

secularization. The church was completely removed from the daily life of the people.

Bourgeoisie were well educated on culture and the arts. they tried to change how their government was run, too.

Modern EU History (11 decks)

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