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Modern EU History > Ch22 > Flashcards

Ch22 Flashcards

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1
Q

Positivism

A

1850s - 1860s

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2
Q

Darwinism become influential

A

1850s - 1860s

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3
Q

Realism in the arts

A

1850s - 1870s

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4
Q

Crimean War

A

1853 - 1856

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5
Q

British-led forces suppress Indian Rebellion

A

1857

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6
Q

Victor Emmanuel declared king of a unified Italy

A

1861

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7
Q

Abolition of serfdom in Russia

A

1861

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8
Q

US Civil War

A

1861 - 1865

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9
Q

Second Reform Bill in England

A

1867

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10
Q

Austro-Hungarian Monarchy

A

1867

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11
Q

Meiji Restorations begins in Japan

A

1868

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12
Q

Suez Canal opens

A

1869

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13
Q

Women’s colleges are founded at Cambridge University

A

1869 - 1871

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14
Q

Franco-Prussian War

A

1870 - 1871

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15
Q

German Empire is proclaimed at Versailles

A

1871

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16
Q

Self-governing Paris Commune is established

A

1871

17
Q

Which year the Crimean War took place ?

A

1853 - 1856

18
Q

Which year Victor Emmanuel declared king of a united Italy?

A

1861

19
Q

Which year and at which place the German Empire was declared ?

A

January 1871, Palace of Versailles

20
Q

Which event took place in the Austrian Empire in 1867?

A

Austro-Hungarian compromise: under this compromise, the lands of the House of Habsburg were reorganized as a real union between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary

21
Q

Realpolitik

A

Policies developed after the revolutions of 1848 and initially associated with nation building

22
Q

mir

A

Village commune where the serfs lived and worked collectively in order to meet redemption payments to the government.

23
Q

nation-state

A

An independent political unit representing a united people.

24
Q

Otto von Bismarck

A

Leading Prussian politician and German prime
minister

Waged war to create a united German Empire

25
Q

dual monarchy

A

The joining of Austria and Hungary under two different crowns

26
Q

Marxism

A

Thought about the organization of production, social inequality, and the processes of revolutionary changes as devised by Karl Marx.

27
Q

realism

A

An artistic style was dedicated to show society realistically without romantic or idealistic overtones.

28
Q

Kulturkampf

A

“culture war” used by Bismarck to describe his fight to weaken the power of the Catholic church.

29
Q

positivism

A

the belief that knowledge should be derived from scientific observation

30
Q

What were the main results of the Crimean War?

A

End of Russian expansion, weakening of Ottoman Empire.

31
Q

What role did warfare play in the various nineteenth-century nation-building efforts?

A

Warfare helped consolidate power and establish national identities.

32
Q

How did Europe’s expanding nation-states attempt to impose social order within and beyond Europe, and what resistance did they face?

A

Through legal reforms and colonization, faced resistance from indigenous populations.

33
Q

How did cultural expression and scientific and social thought help produce the hardheaded and realistic values of the mid-nineteenth century?

A

Promoted rationality, skepticism, and empirical observation in society.

34
Q

main methods of nation building how did they differ from those of state building in the early modern period?

A

Nation building focused on cultural unity, shared identity, and common education

State building prioritized centralized political control, territorial expansion, and administrative reforms.

35
Q

How did realism in social thought break with Enlightenment values?

A

By challenging the belief in universal truths and emphasizing the influence of social
structures.

36
Q

In what ways did religion emerge as an issue (both within and outside Europe) during the course of nation building?

A
  • Had both internal and external implications for nation building.
  • Played a significant role in shaping the process of nation building in Europe.
  • Influenced nation building beyond the borders of Europe.
37
Q

How was the Paris Commune related to earlier revolutions in France?
How did it differ from them?
How was it related to nation building?

A
  • Inspired by French Revolution, 1848 Revolution, and 1870 Revolution.
  • Short-lived, more radical, focused on workers’ control.
  • Challenged centralized state power, advocated for local autonomy.

Modern EU History (11 decks)

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