Ch.23 Questions Flashcards
What is respiration?
The exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells
What 3 processors required for respiration to occur?
Ventilation (breathing), external (pulmonary), internal (tissue)
What are the three regions of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Which cartilage prevents food from going into the trachea when you are eating?
Epiglottis
Which cartilage is the location for making an emergency airway called a tracheotomy?
Cricoid cartilage
Is the trachea anterior or posterior to the esophagus?
Posterior
What is the outer layer called?
Parietal pleura
What is the inner layer called?
Visceral pleura
What is the number or lobes per lung?
Left lung has 2 and the right lung has 3
Why is the elastic connective tissue important in lung function?
It allows the lung to function as an elastic bag
What is the function of the type I alveolar cells (pneumocyte type I cells)?
Ideal for gas exchange
What is the function of the type II alveolar cells (septal cells)?
Secrete alveolar fluid that keeps air moist
What is the function of a surfactant?
Reduces surface tension and is necessary to prevent the collapse of pulmonary alveoli during exhalation
What is the function of the alveolar macrophages (dust cells)?
They are phagocytes that remove fine dust particles and other debris from the pulmonary alveolar spaces
What are the four layered of the respiratory membrane?
Alveolar wall, epithelial basement membrane, capillary basement membrane, and capillary endothelium
