Ch. 23 Hw Flashcards
Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory system?
trachea
what is part of the upper respiratory system?
nasal cavities, laryngopharynx, oropharynx, and nasal meatuses
What are conduction zone action?
clean air of debris, conduct air into the lungs, add water to air, and warm air
Which of the following is a factor that determines the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange?
partial pressure difference of gases, surface area availability for gas exchange, diffusion distance, and molecular weight and solubility of the gases
Which of the following is a passageway for air, food, and water?
pharynx
Which structure prevents food or water from entering the larynx?
epiglottis
The gas law that describes the pressure changes that occur during pulmonary ventilation is
boyle’s law
Which of the following is the primary gas exchange site?
alveolus
Which of the following are cells of the pulmonary alveoli that produce surfactant?
type II alveolar cells
Which of the following is a factor that affects pulmonary ventilation?
lung compliance, surface tension of the alveolar fluid, elastic recoil of the chest wall and lungs, airway resistance
Which of the following indicates the direction of diffusion of gases at the pulmonary alveoli of the lungs?
oxygen into blood, carbon dioxide out of blood
Which of the following is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport in blood?
dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions
When blood pH drops, the amount of oxyhemoglobin ____ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells _____
decreases; increases
Which of the following is a factor that does not affect hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen?
respiratory rate
Which of the following is a factor that does affect hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen?
pH of blood, partial pressure of the oxygen, amount of oxygen available, and temperature
Where is the rhythmicity center for respiration?
medulla oblongata
With which body system does the respiratory system work to regulate the pH of body fluids?
urinary
Which structure is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi?
trachea
Exhalation begins when
Inspiratory muscles relax
Which of the following is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume?
functional residual capacity
Which structure removes fine particles and debris within the alveolar space?
alveolar macrophages
The most important factor that determines the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is
partial pressure of oxygen- Po2
During quiet inhalation, which respiratory muscles contract?
diaphragm and external intercostals
The volume of one breath is called the
tidal volume
After holding our breath briefly, what eventually forces us to take a breath?
increasing in carbon dioxide levels
