Ch.22 Questions

Question 1

What’s re the components of the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

Palatine tonsil, submandibular node, cervical node, lymphatic duct, thymus, thoracic duct, chiste a chili, red bone marrow

Question 2

What are the three functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 2

Drain excess interstitial fluid, transport dietary fats, and carries out immune responses

Question 3

What is the function of the valves?

Answer 3

Prevents backward flow of lymph fluid, which allows the lymphatic system to function without a central pump

Question 4

What are the primary lymphatic organs?

Answer 4

Red bone marrow and thymus

Question 5

What are the secondary lymphatic organs and tissues?

Answer 5

Lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic nodules

Question 6

What are some chemical barriers produced by the skin?

Answer 6

Sebum and perspiration

Question 7

What are some antimicrobial substances in the blood?

Answer 7

Interferons and complement proteins

Question 8

How do interferon’s function?

Answer 8

It enters new cells and inhibits viral replication. It also acts against a large variety of non-specific viruses

Question 9

How do complement proteins function?

Answer 9

They collaborate to opsonize pathogens and induce a series of inflammatory responses helping immune cells to fight infection and maintain homeostasis

Question 10

How do natural killer cell’s function?

Answer 10

They control several types of tumors and microbial infection by limiting their spread and subsequent tissue damage

Question 11

What are the two major types of phagocytes?

Answer 11

Macrophages and neutrophils

Question 12

What are the stages of phagocytosis?

Answer 12

Recognition of the target particle. Signaling to activate the internalization machinery. Phagosome formation. Phagolysosome maturation

Question 13

What are the stages of inflammation?

Answer 13

Acute (swelling stage), sub-acute(regenerative stage), chronic (scar tissue maturation), and remodeling stage

Question 14

How does a mile (100 degrees F) fever help fight infection?

Answer 14

It induces stress on pathogens and infected cell directly and combines with other stressors to provide a nonspecific immune defenses

Question 15

What re the 5 stages?

Answer 15

Antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammation and fever

Question 16

What is the difference between T cells and B cells?

Answer 16

T cells can easily wipe out any virus and bacteria. B cells secrete antibodies

Question 17

Where do T cells mature?

Answer 17

Thymus

Question 18

Where do B cells mature?

Answer 18

Red bone marrow

Question 19

What are antigen receptor?

Answer 19

An antibody protein that was not secreted by B cells

Question 20

Why are helper T cells important?

Answer 20

They are the ones that activate T cells and B cells to fight targeted cells.

Question 21

What is the function of interleukins in the immune response?

Answer 21

To modulate growth, differentiation, and activation during inflammatory and immune responses

Question 22

Why are memory cells important?

Answer 22

They quickly recognize and attack any returning viruses or bacteria making a lot of antibodies

Question 23

What are antigens?

Answer 23

A toxin or other foreign substances which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies

Question 24

What are epitopes?

Answer 24

The part of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself

Question 25

What are Mhc molecules?

Answer 25

Are membrane associated by glycoprotein molecules that bind peptide antigens and presents them to T cells

Question 26

What are antigen presenting cells?

Answer 26

Boost immune response. B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells

Question 27

How do cytotoxic T cells destroy infected body cells?

Answer 27

They release enzymes called granzymes that induce target cells to undergo apoptosis

Question 28

How do B cells destroy antigens in body fluids?

Answer 28

Antibodies attach to a specific antigen and make it easier for the immune cells to destroy the antigen

Question 29

What is an antigen?

Answer 29

Are substances recognized as foreign that provoke immune responses