Ch.21 questions

Question 1

What are the 3 tissue layers that usually make up the wall of blood vessel?

Answer 1

-Tunica internal (innermost, adjacent to lumen)
-Tunica media (middle, smooth muscle, and elastic fibers)
-Tunica external (outermost, adjacent to surrounding tissue)

Question 2

What is the advantage of such a thin wall in capillaries?

Answer 2

allow oxygen and nutrients to pass from the blood into tissues and allow waste products to pass from tissues into the blood.

Question 3

Which as the thicker wall?

Answer 3

Tunica media

Question 4

Which has more elastic tissue?

Answer 4

Tunica media

Question 5

What does a vein have that an artery does not have?

Answer 5

a valve

Question 6

What is the advantage of an artery?

Answer 6

Allows them to absorb the pressure created by ventricles of the heart as they pump blood into the arteries, can regulate their diameter

Question 7

What are the 2 extra layers of elastic tissue found in arteries, but not in veins?

Answer 7

Elastic arteries (conducting arteries) and muscular arteries (disturbing arteries)

Question 8

Which has a larger diameter?

Answer 8

Elastic arteries

Question 9

How do they differ in function?

Answer 9

Elastic arteries function as pressure reservoirs. Muscular arteries function to distribute blood to various parts of the body.

Question 10

What are the two significant structural features that enhance this function?

Answer 10

Thin layers and are smallest in diameter

Question 11

What are the three types of capillaries?

Answer 11

Continuous capillaries (no holes), fenestrated capillaries (little pores), sinusoid capillaries (big holes, basement membrane is incomplete, many can easily get out, red bone marrow)

Question 12

What is the difference in structure?

Answer 12

Many of them don’t have any pores or holes, while others have larger holes and an incomplete base membrane

Question 13

Which type is the most common?

Answer 13

Continuous capillaries

Question 14

Which type is found in the red bone marrow? What is the advantage of having this type of capillary in red bone marrow?

Answer 14

Sinusoid capillaries, since it has an incomplete basement membrane, and it has bigger holes where substances can move faster

Question 15

What are some examples of substances that are transported this way?

Answer 15

Lipid soluble, glucose, amino acids, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

Question 16

What two types of cytosis are involved in transcytosis?

Answer 16

endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 17

What are some examples of substances that are transported in this way?

Answer 17

lipid insoluble molecules (insulin)

Question 18

Which two of these pressures is more important?

Answer 18

reabsorption (blood hydrostatic pressure)

Question 19

What happens to the remainder of the fluid?

Answer 19

it will get absorb by the capillaries of the lymphatic system, which will recirculate again to the blood plasma

Question 20

What is filtration?

Answer 20

is pressure driven movement of fluid and solutes from blood capillaries into interstitial fluid

Question 21

What is reabsorption?

Answer 21

is pressure driven movement of fluid and solutes from interstitial fluid into blood capillaries

Question 22

What are the factors that affect SVR?

Answer 22

Blood viscosity, vessel length, and vessel diameter

Question 23

What is the typical blood pressure of a healthy resting adult?

Answer 23

120/80

Question 24

What is the typical mean arterial blood pressure of a healthy resting adult?

Answer 24

60 mm Hg- 100 mm Hg

Question 25

Does a larger lumen or a smaller lumen provide more resistance?

Answer 25

smaller

Question 26

Does more viscosity or less provide more resistance?

Answer 26

more

Question 27

does longer or shorter total blood vessel length provide more resistance?

Answer 27

longer

Question 28

what are the three factors that assist venous return?

Answer 28

skeletal muscle pump, valves, and respiratory pump

Question 29

what is the advantage of blood moving more slowly through capillaries?

Answer 29

allows time for exchange of gases and nutrients

Question 30

Where is the CV center in the brain?

Answer 30

medulla oblongata

Question 31

what structures provide input to the CV center?

Answer 31

cerebral cortex, limbic system, and hypothalamus

Question 32

what effectors receive output from the CV center?

Answer 32

Vagus nerves, cardiac accelerator, and vasomotor nerves

Question 33

how does the sympathetic system affect the heart?

Answer 33

increases rate and contractility

Question 34

how does the parasympathetic system affect the heart?

Answer 34

decreases heart rate