Ch.23 Flashcards
Name four new things introduced to the Americas
Horses, pigs, small pox, measles, typhus, wheat, grapes
Name four new things introduced to Europe
Tomatoes, potatoes, corn, avocados, blueberries, chocolate
Spanish conquerors of the Americas
Conquistadors
A system that gave settlers the right to use Native Americans as slaves.
Encomienda
The pattern of trade connecting Europe, Africa, and America
Triangular Trade
The Aztec rulers of Mexico fought against this Spanish warrior
Hernando Cortes
Sponsored Portuguese explorations around the west coast of Africa where my sailors traced for gold, spread Christianity, and brought back news about the extent of Muslim power that I might have to deal with eventually; I also built a naval institute
Prince Henry the Navigator
Crop grown in Brazil and the Caribbean that is extremely difficult to harvest; thus, after Native Americans died due to disease, African Americans were brought in as slaves
Sugar cane
Where did Russians begin settling in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries
Siberia
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas
Treaty between Spain and Portugal that divided land and trade – Spain in the west, Portugal in the east
Name the three main motives for European exploration
Gold, God, Glory
Name three technological advancements that allowed for European exploration from 1400-1800
Magnetic compass, caravel, latitude and longitude, astrolabe
Name two New World crops that positively impacted and increased European populations
Potatoes, corn, beans
What was the greatest flaw in Columbus’s plan to reach Asia by sailing west
He did not know that North and South America existed
Why is Magellan’s voyage often referred to as an exercise in endurance?
Circumnavigated the globe; became involved in political skirmishes in the Phillipines, journey took over three years, crew had to finish voyage without Magellan
What was the major impact of the Seven Years’ War?
Britain became the leading empire – gained hegemony of Europe
Why is the Seven Year’s War often called the “Great War for empire”?
Many different empires battling each other over trade and land – the winner won hegemony over other empires
Name a major rival religion to Christianity.
Islam
What is a joint-stock company?
an association of individuals in a business enterprise with transferable shares of stock, much like a corporation except that stockholders are liable for the debts of the business
Name two English motives for settling in the Americas
Religious persecution, profit (cash crops, land, etc.)
Who is known as the father of New France?
Samuel de Champlain
What is the Northwest passage? What about the geography of the northern U.S./Canada would make explorers continue to look for it?
Water route through the Americas to Asia – lots of rivers and lakes
What is the name given to one leg of the Triangular trade in which African slaves were forced onto ships and sent to the New World as slaves?
Middle Passage
The name given to a settlement in a new territory linked to a parent country by trade.
Colony
Name one secondary effect of disease in the New World.
Starvation/malnutrition because not enough people to farm; conflicts and rebellion against rulers
