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Pre IB History 9 - Beavers > ARVpt1 > Flashcards

ARVpt1 Flashcards

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1
Q

English philosopher his works lie at the foundation of modern philosophical empiricism and political liberalism.

A

John Locke

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2
Q

Author wrote the satirical novella Candide and, despite controversy during his lifetime, is widely considered one of France’s greatest Enlightenment writers.

A

Voltaire

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3
Q

best known as an influential 18th-century philosopher who wrote the acclaimed work A Discourse on the Arts and Sciences.
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A

Rousseau

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4
Q

highly influential political thinker during the Age of Enlightenment
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A

Montesquieu

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5
Q

Scottish social philosopher and political economist who wrote The Wealth of Nations and achieved the first comprehensive system of political economy.
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A

Adam Smith

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6
Q 
the war (1756-63) in which England and Prussia defeated France, Austria, Russia, Sweden, and Saxony

A

Seven Years’ War/ French and Indian War

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7
Q

British colonies on the east coast of North America which had been founded between 1607 and 1732, stretching from New England to the northern border of the Floridas

A

13 Colonies

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8
Q

forbade all settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains
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A

Proclamation of 1763

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9
Q

colonial merchants had been required to pay a tax of six pence per gallon on the importation of foreign molasses


A

Sugar Act

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10
Q

exacted revenue from the American colonies by imposing a stamp duty on newspapers and legal and commercial documents
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A

Stamp Act

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11
Q

acts passed by the Parliament of Great Britain relating to the British colonies in North America
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A

Townshend Act

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12
Q

final straw in a series of unpopular policies and taxes imposed by Britain on her American colonies.
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A

Tea Act

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13
Q

provide the British soldiers with any needed accommodations or housing
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A

Quartering Act

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14
Q

series of laws that restricted the use of foreign ships for trade between Britain and its colonies


A

Navigation Acts

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15
Q

an administrative union of English colonies in the New England region of North America.
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A

Dominion of New England

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16
Q

king of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1685 to 1688, and the last Stuart monarch in the direct male line. He was deposed in the Glorious Revolution.
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A

King James II

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17
Q

English administrator in North America who made an abortive attempt to stem growing colonial independence by imposing a kind of supercolony, the Dominion of New England
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A

Sir Edmund Andros

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18
Q

was the last genuine revolution in Britain

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A

Glorious Revolution

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19
Q

long-term 17th & 18th-century British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient to England.
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A

Salutary neglect

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20
Q

a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower
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A

Cash Crop

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21
Q

a pattern of colonial commerce in which slaves were bought on the African Gold Coast with New England rum and then traded in the West Indies for sugar or molasses, which was brought back to New England to be manufactured into rum
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A

Slavery and Triangular Trade

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22
Q

A slogan of the Revolutionary War and the years before. The colonists were not allowed to choose representatives to parliament in London, which passed the laws under which they were taxed
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A

Taxation without Representation

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23
Q

street fight between a “patriot” mob, throwing snowballs, stones, and sticks, and a squad of British soldiers.


A

Boston Massacre

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24
Q

a raid on three British ships in Boston Harbor in which Boston colonists, disguised as Indians, threw the contents of several hundred chests of tea into the harbor as a protest against British taxes on tea
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A

Boston Tea Party

25
Q

the American Patriots’ term for a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament after the Boston Tea party
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A

Intolerable Acts

26
Q

British general and a military commander in the early days of the American Revolution. A military government involving the suspension of ordinary law.
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A

Thomas Gage/martial law

27
Q

helped organize the Boston Tea Party and signed the U.S. Declaration of Independence
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A

Samuel Adams

28
Q

an organization of American colonists. Formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government
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A

Sons of Liberty

29
Q

A meeting of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies that met early in the American Revolution. A convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting soon after warfare, declared that the American Revolutionary War had begun.
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A

Continental Congress (1st and 2nd)

30
Q

ast ditch effort of American colonists to make peace with the British crown. He denied this.
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A

Olive Branch Petition/King George III

31
Q

those who wanted to stay loyal to the king or break away from Great Britain and form a new country


A

Loyalists vs. Patriots

32
Q

the formal statement written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain
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A

Declaration of Independence

33
Q

18th century U.S. merchant who was president of the Continental Congress and the first person to sign the Declaration of Independence.


A

John Hancock

34
Q

wife of President John Adams and the mother of John Quincy Adams, who became the sixth president of the United States


A

Abigail Adams

35
Q

a draftsman of the Declaration of Independence and the third U.S. president. He was also responsible for the Louisiana Purchase


A

Thomas Jefferson

36
Q

an English American writer and pamphleteer whose “Common Sense” and other writings influenced the American Revolution, and helped pave the way for the Declaration of Independence.


A

Thomas Paine

37
Q

a leader of the Continental Army in the American Revolution, and was the first to become U.S. president.


A

George Washington

38
Q

The fourth U.S. president believed in a robust yet balanced federal government and is known as the “Father of the Constitution.”


A

James Madison

39
Q

the armed conflict between Great Britain and thirteen of its North American colonies, which had declared themselves the independent United States of America.


A

American Revolution

40
Q

first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War

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A

Lexington and Concord

41
Q

the first major battle of the American Revolution



A

Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill)

42
Q 
a member of a class of American militiamen who volunteered to be ready for service at a minute's notice

A

Minutemen

43
Q

military camp in southeastern Pennsylvania



A

Valley Forge

44
Q

marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War


A

Battle of Saratoga

45
Q

the British to surrender and effectively ending the American Revolutionary War


A

Battle of Yorktown

46
Q

signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States of America ending the American Revolutionary War.


A

Peace of Paris (Treaty of Paris)

47
Q

This document served as the United States’ first constitution.


A

Articles of Confederation

48
Q

met to address the problems of the weak central government that existed under the Articles of Confederation.


A

Constitutional Convention 1787

49
Q

A document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the United States is governed.


A

United States Constitution

50
Q

the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, guaranteeing such rights as the freedoms of speech, assembly, and worship.


A

Bill of Rights

51
Q

the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives.


A

Popular Sovereignty

52
Q

the introductory part of a statute or deed, stating its purpose, aims, and justification.


A

Preamble

53
Q

Special Collections Archival Papers concerning the Civil War



A

Articles of the USC

54
Q

the federal principle or system of government



A

Federalism

55
Q

counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated


A

Checks and Balances

56
Q

the national legislative body of a country



A

Congress

57
Q

Composed of or based on two legislative chambers or branches.


A

Bicameralism

58
Q

an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies

A

Separation of Powers

Pre IB History 9 - Beavers (11 decks)

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