Ch22 heart Flashcards
jobs of the heart
- pulmonary circulation: move blood from heart to lungs and back
- systemic circulation: move blood to all other organs and back
great vessels
arteries and veins leaving and entering the heart
what is blood pressure
the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels
location of heart
left of body posterior to sternum and mediastinum
is the right or left border of the heart more anterior
right
what is the heart surrounded by
multiple layers of tiss. called pericardium(pericardial sac)
what is created by the pericardial sac
a fluid filled space around heart called pericardial cavity
functinos of pericardium
protects heart bc it is tough and fibrous, the fluid reduces friction
layers of pericardium and what type of tissue
fibrous pericardium (external side) - tough dense con tiss
Serous pericardium:
parietal serous pericardium (inside of flap, thin clear like ceran wrap) - simple squamous con tiss
epicardium/visceral serous pericardium (attached to heart surface, thin clear and slick) - aereolar conn tiss and fat
which layer of pericardium cannot be removed from heart
visceral
base of heart
upper part of heart , separated where tubes and atriums attach
chambers of the heart
left and right atrium, left and right ventricles
atriums
chambers that fill with blood
largest chamber of the heart
left ventricle
which ventrical is surrounded by thick muscle and why
left, bc it has to pump blood everywhere in body except lungs
functions of right and left ventricle
right vent pushes blood to lungs, left vent pushed blood everywhere other than lungs
interventricular septum
separates ventricles
trabeculae carneae
cords/bands making up inner walls of ventricles
interatreal septum
divides left and right atriums
pectinate
cords/bands of muscle making up anterior inside surface of atrium
fossa ovalis of septum
white oval impression on inside of septum
valves of the heart
tricuspid, bicuspid, pulmonary semilunar valve, aortic semilunar valve
tricuspid
right atrioventricular valve (3 is after 2 and right is after left)
controls blood from right atrium to right ventricle, prevents backflow
bicuspid
left atrioventricular valve (left before right, 2 before 3)
controls blood from left atrium to left vetricle, prevents backflow
chordea tendineae
stringy pieces on atrioventricular valves that connect it to the papillary muscles
papillary muscles and function
bulges on posterior surface on ventricles that connect chordae tendineae to the the ventricle
-open and close the atrioventricular valves
pulmonary semilunar valves and function
connects and controls blood from right ventricle into pulmonary trunk, prevents backflow
aortic semilunar valve
connects and controls blood from left ventricle into aorta, prevents backflow
are the right and lefts side of the hearts valves open at the same time
no
which valves open simultaneously
pulmonary semilunar and aortic semilunar togther, bi and tricuspid togther
superior vena cava functions
controls blood from upper body and chest going into right atrium
inferior vena cava functions
controls blood from lower part of body (abdomen) into right atrium
aorta. why is it significant and location
biggest artery in body. curves over pulmonary trunk and right pulmonary artery
pulmonary trunk
splits from top of heart into L/R pulmonary arteries
pulmonary veins and how many are there
carry blood to heart from lungs, 2 on each side
layers of the heart wall
epicardium/visceral serous pericardium - top layer of heart wall, deepest layer of pericardium
myocardium- lines outside of ventricles and ventricular septum
endocardium- lines directly outside of ventricles
types of tiss/muscle in layers of the heart wall
epicardium - areolar conn tis
myocardium - cardiac muscle(a special type of tissue)
endocardium - areolar conn tiss and endothelium
3 sources of blood
superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
how blood moves
1.vena cava(blood from body) and coronary sinus(blood from heart) bring deoxygenated blood to right atrium
2.right atrium contracts and pushes blood thru tricuspid valve into right ventricle
3.right ventricle contracts and pushes blood thru pulmonary semilunar valve into pulmonary trunk into pulmonary arteries
4.pulmonary arteries take blood to lungs to get oxygen
5.blood comes from lungs to pulmonary veins and collects in left atrium
6.left atrium pushes it thru bicuspid valve into left ventricle
7.left vent contracts pushing blood thru aortic semilunar valve into aorta
8.aorta brings blood to rest of body
fibrous skeleton of heart (tissue/function/location)
dense reg conn tiss
mechanical support and electrical insulation
located between valves of heart
cardiac muscle cells (location and function)
spiral bundles around heart chambers that attach to fibrous skele
compress to contract atria to move blood into vents
compress vents to move blood into great arteries
