Ch22 heart

Question 1

jobs of the heart

Answer 1

1. pulmonary circulation: move blood from heart to lungs and back
2. systemic circulation: move blood to all other organs and back

Question 2

great vessels

Answer 2

arteries and veins leaving and entering the heart

Question 3

what is blood pressure

Answer 3

the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels

Question 4

location of heart

Answer 4

left of body posterior to sternum and mediastinum

Question 5

is the right or left border of the heart more anterior

Answer 5

right

Question 6

what is the heart surrounded by

Answer 6

multiple layers of tiss. called pericardium(pericardial sac)

Question 7

what is created by the pericardial sac

Answer 7

a fluid filled space around heart called pericardial cavity

Question 8

functinos of pericardium

Answer 8

protects heart bc it is tough and fibrous, the fluid reduces friction

Question 9

layers of pericardium and what type of tissue

Answer 9

fibrous pericardium (external side) - tough dense con tiss
Serous pericardium:
parietal serous pericardium (inside of flap, thin clear like ceran wrap) - simple squamous con tiss
epicardium/visceral serous pericardium (attached to heart surface, thin clear and slick) - aereolar conn tiss and fat

Question 10

which layer of pericardium cannot be removed from heart

Answer 10

visceral

Question 11

base of heart

Answer 11

upper part of heart , separated where tubes and atriums attach

Question 12

chambers of the heart

Answer 12

left and right atrium, left and right ventricles

Question 13

atriums

Answer 13

chambers that fill with blood

Question 14

largest chamber of the heart

Answer 14

left ventricle

Question 15

which ventrical is surrounded by thick muscle and why

Answer 15

left, bc it has to pump blood everywhere in body except lungs

Question 16

functions of right and left ventricle

Answer 16

right vent pushes blood to lungs, left vent pushed blood everywhere other than lungs

Question 17

interventricular septum

Answer 17

separates ventricles

Question 18

trabeculae carneae

Answer 18

cords/bands making up inner walls of ventricles

Question 19

interatreal septum

Answer 19

divides left and right atriums

Question 20

pectinate

Answer 20

cords/bands of muscle making up anterior inside surface of atrium

Question 21

fossa ovalis of septum

Answer 21

white oval impression on inside of septum

Question 22

valves of the heart

Answer 22

tricuspid, bicuspid, pulmonary semilunar valve, aortic semilunar valve

Question 23

tricuspid

Answer 23

right atrioventricular valve (3 is after 2 and right is after left)
controls blood from right atrium to right ventricle, prevents backflow

Question 24

bicuspid

Answer 24

left atrioventricular valve (left before right, 2 before 3)
controls blood from left atrium to left vetricle, prevents backflow

Question 25

chordea tendineae

Answer 25

stringy pieces on atrioventricular valves that connect it to the papillary muscles

Question 26

papillary muscles and function

Answer 26

bulges on posterior surface on ventricles that connect chordae tendineae to the the ventricle
-open and close the atrioventricular valves

Question 27

pulmonary semilunar valves and function

Answer 27

connects and controls blood from right ventricle into pulmonary trunk, prevents backflow

Question 28

aortic semilunar valve

Answer 28

connects and controls blood from left ventricle into aorta, prevents backflow

Question 29

are the right and lefts side of the hearts valves open at the same time

Answer 29

no

Question 30

which valves open simultaneously

Answer 30

pulmonary semilunar and aortic semilunar togther, bi and tricuspid togther

Question 31

superior vena cava functions

Answer 31

controls blood from upper body and chest going into right atrium

Question 32

inferior vena cava functions

Answer 32

controls blood from lower part of body (abdomen) into right atrium

Question 33

aorta. why is it significant and location

Answer 33

biggest artery in body. curves over pulmonary trunk and right pulmonary artery

Question 34

pulmonary trunk

Answer 34

splits from top of heart into L/R pulmonary arteries

Question 35

pulmonary veins and how many are there

Answer 35

carry blood to heart from lungs, 2 on each side

Question 36

layers of the heart wall

Answer 36

epicardium/visceral serous pericardium - top layer of heart wall, deepest layer of pericardium
myocardium- lines outside of ventricles and ventricular septum
endocardium- lines directly outside of ventricles

Question 37

types of tiss/muscle in layers of the heart wall

Answer 37

epicardium - areolar conn tis
myocardium - cardiac muscle(a special type of tissue)
endocardium - areolar conn tiss and endothelium

Question 38

3 sources of blood

Answer 38

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus

Question 39

how blood moves

Answer 39

1.vena cava(blood from body) and coronary sinus(blood from heart) bring deoxygenated blood to right atrium
2.right atrium contracts and pushes blood thru tricuspid valve into right ventricle
3.right ventricle contracts and pushes blood thru pulmonary semilunar valve into pulmonary trunk into pulmonary arteries
4.pulmonary arteries take blood to lungs to get oxygen
5.blood comes from lungs to pulmonary veins and collects in left atrium
6.left atrium pushes it thru bicuspid valve into left ventricle
7.left vent contracts pushing blood thru aortic semilunar valve into aorta
8.aorta brings blood to rest of body

Question 40

fibrous skeleton of heart (tissue/function/location)

Answer 40

dense reg conn tiss
mechanical support and electrical insulation
located between valves of heart

Question 41

cardiac muscle cells (location and function)

Answer 41

spiral bundles around heart chambers that attach to fibrous skele
compress to contract atria to move blood into vents
compress vents to move blood into great arteries