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Anatomy > Ch1 > Flashcards

Ch1 Flashcards

1
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

examines structures that cannot be viewed by unaided eye

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2
Q

scient menthod

A

observe, hypothesis, experiment, does data support hypo or need to by midified

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3
Q

dif btwn physiologist and anatomist

A

physiologists provide how body parts function together whereas anatomists study the relationships and structure of the parts

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4
Q

subdivisions of microscopic anatomy and what they are

A

cytology- study of single body cells and their structures
histology- study of tissues, wider approach examining how groups of cells function for a common purpose

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5
Q

Gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy) and its subtypes

A

investigates structure/relationships of large body parts visible to the unaided

comparative anatomy, developmental anatomy, embryology, regional anatomy, surface anatomy, systemic anatomy

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6
Q

comparative anatomy

A

subtype of gross anatomy, examines similariries and diffs in anatomy of different species

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7
Q

developmental anatomy

A

subtype of gross anatomy, investigates changes in structure within and individ. from conception to maturity

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8
Q

embryology

A

subtype of gross anatomy, concerned w developmental changes prior to birth

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9
Q

regional anatomy

A

subtype of gross anatomy, examines all the structures of a certain region of the body as a complete unit

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10
Q

surface anatomy

A

subtype of gross anatomy, examines superficial markings and internal body structures related to the skin covering them (obtaining pulse etc)

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11
Q

systemic anatomy

A

subtype of gross anatomy, studies each system in the body in a macroscopic way

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12
Q

pathologic anatomy

A

examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease

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13
Q

radiographic anatomy

A

studies relationships among internal structures that can be viewed through imaging procedures like MRI or xray

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14
Q

surgical anatomy

A

investigates landmarks used before and after surgery

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15
Q

major levels of organization in body from least to most complex

A

chemical level, cellular level, tisue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level
(coctal acronym)

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16
Q

major parts of skeletal system

A

skull, sternum, ribs, cartilage, upper limb bones, lower limb bones, verterbrae, sacrum, knee joint
(svulsckrs) acronym

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17
Q

major organs of integumentary system

A

hair, skin and associated glands

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18
Q

major organs of muscular system

A

orbicularis oculi muscle, pectoralis major muscle, aponeurosis, tendons, sartoris muscle (opsat acronym) o.

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19
Q

Endocrine system organs

A

hypothalamus, pineal gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, kidney, testes

(pthapkt acronym?)

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20
Q

nervous system organs

A

sense organ(eye), brain, spinal cord, nerves

peripheral is nervs, central is everything else

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21
Q

cardiovascular system organs

A

heart, blood vessels

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22
Q

respiratory system organs

A

nasal cavity, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, thoracic diaphragm

nnpltblt

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23
Q

Digestive system

A

oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, liver, stomach, large intestine, small intestine

ospelsls

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24
Q

lymphatic system

A

cervical lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus, axillary lymph nodes, thoracic duct, spleen, inguinal lymph nodes, popliteal lymph node, lymph vessel

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25
Q

Male reproductive system organs

A

Ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, epididymis, urethra, penis, testis, scrotum

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26
Q

urinary system

A

kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

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27
Q

female reproductive system

A

mammary glands, ovary, uterine tube, uterus. vagina, external genetalia(clit, labia)

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28
Q

anatomic position

A

stands upright w feet parallel and flat on the floor, head level, eyes forward. arms at either side with palms facing FORWARD and thumbs facing OUT

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29
Q

planes

A

coronal plane (frontal) divides into anterior and posterior

transverse plane(cross sectional or horizontal) cuts along axis perpindicularly

midsagittal (median) divides into right and left halves equal

sagittal ^ but not equal

oblique -pass thru at an angle

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30
Q

anatomic directions relative to front or back

A

anterior(in front), posterior(in back), dorsal(towards back), ventral(towards front)

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31
Q

anatomic directions relative to head or tail of body

A

superior (close to head), inferior(close to feed), caudal (at rear/tail end), cranial (at head end), rostral(towards nose/mouth)

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32
Q

anatomical directions relative to midline or center of body

A

medial(toward midline), lateral (away from midline), ipsilateral (on same side), contralateral (on opposite side), deep (on inside), superficial (on outrside)

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33
Q

anatomical directions relative to point of attachement appendage

A

proximal (closest to poin of attachment to trunk), distal (furthest from point of attachement to trunk)

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34
Q

axial region inclueds what main areas

A

head, neck, trunk

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35
Q

appendicular region includes what main area

A

appendages

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36
Q

abdominal region

A

inferior to thorax and superior to pelvic brim of hip bones

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37
Q

antebrachial region

A

forearm

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38
Q

antecubital

A

region anterior to the elbow

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39
Q

auricular

A

ear

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40
Q

axillary region

A

armpit

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41
Q

brachial region

A

arm (between shoulder and elbow)

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42
Q

buccal

A

cheek

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43
Q

calcaneal region

A

heel of foot

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44
Q

carpal region

A

wrist

45
Q

cephalic region

A

head

46
Q

cervical region

A

neck

47
Q

coxal region

A

hip

48
Q

cranial region

A

skull

49
Q

crural region

A

leg

50
Q

deltoid region

A

shoulder

51
Q

digital region

A

fingers or toes

52
Q

dorsal region

A

back

53
Q

femoral region

A

thigh

54
Q

fibular region

A

lateral aspect of leg

55
Q

frontal region

A

forehead

56
Q

gluteal region

A

buttock

57
Q

hallux region

A

great toe

58
Q

inguinal region

A

groin

59
Q

lumbar region

A

small of back, lower back

60
Q

mammary region

A

breat

61
Q

manus region

A

hand

62
Q

mental region

A

chin

63
Q

nasal region

A

nose

64
Q

occipital region

A

posterior of head

65
Q

olecranal region

A

posterior aspect of elbow

66
Q

oral region

A

mouth

67
Q

orbital region

A

eye

68
Q

palmar region

A

palm of the hand

69
Q

patellar region

A

kneecap

70
Q

pectoral region

A

chest

71
Q

pelvic region

A

pelvis

72
Q

perineal reagion

A

diamond shape between thighs w anus and reproductive organs

73
Q

pes region

A

foot

74
Q

plantar region

A

sole of foot

75
Q

pollex region

A

thunb

76
Q

popliteal region

A

area posterior to kneww

77
Q

pubic region

A

anterior region of pelvis

78
Q

radial region

A

lateral aspect of forarm (thumb side)

79
Q

scapular region

A

shoulder blade

80
Q

sacral region

A

posterior region between hip bones

81
Q

sternal regions

A

anterior middle region of thorax

82
Q

sural region

A

calf

83
Q

tarsal region

A

proximal part of foot/ankle

84
Q

thoracic region

A

part of torso superior to thoracic diaphragm (contains pecs, axillary, and sternal regions)

85
Q

tibial region

A

medial aspect of leg

86
Q

ulnar region

A

medial aspect of the forearm

87
Q

umbilical region

A

naval

88
Q

vertebral region

A

spinal column

89
Q

what cavities are in the posterior aspect and how are they dif from the ventral cavity

A

cranial cavity and vertebral canal. they are both encased in bone making them dif from ventral cavity

90
Q

what cavities are contained in the ventral cavity and what are they separated by

A

Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity separated from diagphram

91
Q

what is the abdominopelvic cavity a part of and what does it contain

A

part of ventral cavity and contains abdominal and pelvic cavity

92
Q

what are the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities lined with and what are they layers of the lining

A

serous membrane, made of parietal and visceral layer. parietal lines intermal surface of body wall and visceral covers external surface of organs

93
Q

what is serous membrane and serous fluid

A

seruous membrane lines organs and protects them from friction and damage. like a fist in a balloon.
secreted by serous membranes in a serous cavity. consistency of oil and used as a lubricant.

94
Q

What dose the thoracic cavity contain

A

mediastinum, pleural cavity, pericardial cavity

95
Q

what does the abdominopelvic cavity contain

A

abdominal and pelvic cavities

96
Q

where is the mediastinum contained and what dose it contain itself

A

in the thoracic cavity and it contains heart, thymus, esophogus, trachea, and major blood vessels

97
Q

what is the serous membrane enclosing the heart called and what are its layers. what is the space between the parietal and visceral pericardia called?

A

pericardium. perietal and visceral pericardium.

pericardial cavity

98
Q

what is the serous membrane in the lungs called and what is the inside of the membrane called

A

pleura, pleural cavity

99
Q

what is contained in the abdominal cavity

A

most digestive organs and kidneys and ureter

100
Q

what is contained inteh pelvic cavity

A

distal part of the large intestine, urinary bladder and urethra and internal reproductive organs

101
Q

what is the serous membrane around the abdominopelvic cavity called

A

peritoneum. peritoneal cavity in in between visceral and periatel layers

102
Q

Radiography

A

x-rays. primary way of obtaining images of body parts

103
Q

radiopaque

A

a substance that absorbs x rays allowing hollow organs to be viewd

104
Q

ultrasound

A

sonography. second most used imaging method. uses a transducer across body producing ultrasound waves that recieve signals from organs. no radiatioin

105
Q

Digital subtraction angiography

A

3d xray technique to view blood vessels. inject dye into blood to see them, helpful for vessel blockages. used in angioplastys when inserting catheter to put a stint where they are blocked.

106
Q

CT computer tomography

A

cat scan. more sophisticated Xray w heavy radiation.

107
Q

MRI

A

uses magnets

108
Q

PET scan

A

analyze metabolic state of a tissue at a given moment in time to see which are most active

Anatomy (14 decks)

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