Ch2 - Neuroanatomy Flashcards
Capgras Syndrome
symptoms + cause + diagnosis technique
believe loved ones have been replaced with impostors
emotional appraisal is absent when recognizing loved ones due to damage in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex
fMRI (functional imaging) typically used for diagnosis
How do we recognize faces?
two part explanation
1. Cognitive appraisal: facial identification, smell, voice…
2. Emotional appraisal: feeling of familiarity, love…
Case study: Phineas Gage
cause + symptoms
Hindbrain
location + label diagram 1 + basic structures and their purpose
Top of the spinal cord (brainstem)
- controls key life functions
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla
Midbrain
location + label diagram 1 + purpose(s)
Topmost part of the brainstem - connects it to the brain
Purposes:
- coordinating precise eye movement
- relaying auditory info from ears to forebrain
- regulating pain experiences
Forebrain (basic anatomy)
location + 2 main sections and their features
Cortex (outer portion): comprised of gyri (bumps) and sulci (grooves) also known as convolutions (wrinkles)
Subcortical structures (inner portion): hidden structures, includic a set called the limbic system
Lobes of the cortex
label diagram 2
- frontal
- parietal
- temporal
- occipital
The limbic system
label diagram 3
- !Thalamus
- !Hypothalamus
- !Amygdala
- !Hippocampus
- Fornix
- Mamillary body
- Cingulate cortex/gyrus
! most important structures to know
Lateralization
definition + label dividing structure
when certain brain functions are localized to one side of the brain
longitudinal fissure
Split-brain patients
damaged area(s) + some effects
damaged corpus callosum
commisures
description + label key commisure(s)
structures connecting the left and right hemispheres of the brain
corpus callosum is the largest, most notable commisure
Motor area
label diagram 5 + their purpose
primary motor projection area
- signals going out to muscles
CT scan
imaging type + method + benefit and drawback
structural imaging technique
takes XY images of ‘slices’ of the brain
- inexpensive and fast
- low resolution images
Magnetic Resonace Imaging (MRI)
imaging type + method + benefit and drawback
structural imaging technique
magnetic fields align H atoms to localize tissues
- higher resolution (identify specific structures)
- time consuming and expensive
Positron Emission Topography (PET)
imaging type + method + benefit and drawback
functional imaging technique
inject tracer substance (eg: radioactive glucose), scan tracks the tissues using the most tracer substance (using the most energy)
- determines regions with high activity
- injection is invasive
