Ch.2 Chemistry of Life

Question 1

hydrophilic

Answer 1

describe a substance that dissolves in water

Question 2

hydrophobic

Answer 2

describe a substance that does not dissolve in water

Question 3

ion

Answer 3

an atom or compound that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons, and therefore has a net charge

Question 4

ionic bond

Answer 4

a chemical bond that forms between ions of opposite charges

Question 5

isotope

Answer 5

one or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons

Question 6

lipids

Answer 6

a class of macromolecules that are non polar and insoluble in water

Question 7

litmus paper

Answer 7

filter paper that has been treated with a natural waster- soluble dye so it can be used as a pH indicator

Question 8

macromolecule

Answer 8

a large molecule, often formed by polymerization of smaller monomers

Question 9

mass number

Answer 9

the number of protons plus neutrons in an atom

Question 10

matter

Answer 10

anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 11

monosaccharide

Answer 11

a single unit or monomer of carbohydrates

Question 12

neutron

Answer 12

a particle with no charge that resides on the nucleus of an atom; has mass of 1

Question 13

non polar covalent bond

Answer 13

a type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are shared equally between atoms, resulting in no regions with partial charges as in polar covalent bonds

Question 14

nucleic acid

Answer 14

a biological macromolecule that carries the genetic information of a cell and carries instructions for the functioning of the cell

Question 15

nucleotide

Answer 15

a monomer of nucleic acids

Question 16

nucleus

Answer 16

the dense center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons

Question 17

octet rule

Answer 17

states that the outermost shell of an element with a low atomic number can be hols eight electrons

Question 18

oil

Answer 18

an unsaturated fat is a liquid at room temperature

Question 19

periodic table of elements

Answer 19

an organizational chart of elements, indicating the atomic number and mass number of each element

Question 20

pH scale

Answer 20

a scale ranging from 0 to 14 that measure the approximate concentration of hydrogen ions of a substance

Question 21

phospholipid

Answer 21

a major constituent of the membrane of cells; compose of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached tot he glycerol backbone

Question 22

polar covalent bond

Answer 22

a type of covalent bond in which electrons are pulled toward on atom and away from another

Question 23

polypeptide

Answer 23

a long chain of amino acid linked by peptide bond

Question 24

polysaccharide

Answer 24

a long chain of monosaccharides; may be branched or unbranched

Question 25

protein

Answer 25

a biological macromolecule composed of one ore more chains of amino acids

Question 26

proton

Answer 26

a positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has mass of 1 and a charge of +1

Question 27

radioactive isotope

Answer 27

an isotope that spontaneously emits particles or energy to form a more stable element

Question 28

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Answer 28

a single- stranded polymer of nucleotides that is involved in protein synthesis

Question 29

saturated fatty acid

Answer 29

a long- chain hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in a carbon chain; the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon shelter is maximized

Question 30

solvent

Answer 30

a substance capable of dissolving anther substance

Question 31

starch

Answer 31

a storage carbonhydrate in plants

Question 32

steroid

Answer 32

s type of lips composed of four fused hydrocarbon rings

Question 33

surface tension

Answer 33

the cohesive force at the surface of the body of liquid that prevents the molecules from separating

Question 34

temperature

Answer 34

a measure of molecular motion

Question 35

trans- fat

Answer 35

a form of unsaturated fat with the hydrogen atoms neighboring the double bond across form each other rather than o the same side of the double bond

Question 36

triglyceride

Answer 36

a fat molecule; consists of three fatty acids to glycerol molecule

Question 37

unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 37

a long- chain hydrocarbon that has one or more than on double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain

Question 38

van der Waals interaction

Answer 38

a weak attraction or interaction between molecules causes by slightly positivity charge or slightly negatively charges atoms