Ch.2 Chemistry of Life Flashcards
hydrophilic
describe a substance that dissolves in water
hydrophobic
describe a substance that does not dissolve in water
ion
an atom or compound that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons, and therefore has a net charge
ionic bond
a chemical bond that forms between ions of opposite charges
isotope
one or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons
lipids
a class of macromolecules that are non polar and insoluble in water
litmus paper
filter paper that has been treated with a natural waster- soluble dye so it can be used as a pH indicator
macromolecule
a large molecule, often formed by polymerization of smaller monomers
mass number
the number of protons plus neutrons in an atom
matter
anything that has mass and occupies space
monosaccharide
a single unit or monomer of carbohydrates
neutron
a particle with no charge that resides on the nucleus of an atom; has mass of 1
non polar covalent bond
a type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are shared equally between atoms, resulting in no regions with partial charges as in polar covalent bonds
nucleic acid
a biological macromolecule that carries the genetic information of a cell and carries instructions for the functioning of the cell
nucleotide
a monomer of nucleic acids
nucleus
the dense center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons
octet rule
states that the outermost shell of an element with a low atomic number can be hols eight electrons
oil
an unsaturated fat is a liquid at room temperature
periodic table of elements
an organizational chart of elements, indicating the atomic number and mass number of each element
pH scale
a scale ranging from 0 to 14 that measure the approximate concentration of hydrogen ions of a substance
phospholipid
a major constituent of the membrane of cells; compose of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached tot he glycerol backbone
polar covalent bond
a type of covalent bond in which electrons are pulled toward on atom and away from another
polypeptide
a long chain of amino acid linked by peptide bond
polysaccharide
a long chain of monosaccharides; may be branched or unbranched
protein
a biological macromolecule composed of one ore more chains of amino acids
proton
a positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has mass of 1 and a charge of +1
radioactive isotope
an isotope that spontaneously emits particles or energy to form a more stable element
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
a single- stranded polymer of nucleotides that is involved in protein synthesis
saturated fatty acid
a long- chain hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in a carbon chain; the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon shelter is maximized
solvent
a substance capable of dissolving anther substance
starch
a storage carbonhydrate in plants
steroid
s type of lips composed of four fused hydrocarbon rings
surface tension
the cohesive force at the surface of the body of liquid that prevents the molecules from separating
temperature
a measure of molecular motion
trans- fat
a form of unsaturated fat with the hydrogen atoms neighboring the double bond across form each other rather than o the same side of the double bond
triglyceride
a fat molecule; consists of three fatty acids to glycerol molecule
unsaturated fatty acid
a long- chain hydrocarbon that has one or more than on double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain
van der Waals interaction
a weak attraction or interaction between molecules causes by slightly positivity charge or slightly negatively charges atoms
