Ch. 13 Diversity of Microbes, Fungi, and Proteins

Question 1

Amoeboza

Answer 1

The eukaryotic super group that contains the amoebas and slime molds

Question 2

anaerobic

Answer 2

Refers to organisms that grow without oxygen

Question 3

anoxic

Answer 3

Without oxygen

Question 4

Archaeplastida

Answer 4

The eukaryotic super group that contains land plants, green algae, and red algae

Question 5

Asocmycota

Answer 5

Sac fungi, a division of fungi that store spores in a sac called ascus

Question 6

basidiomycota

Answer 6

Club fungi, a division of fungi that produce club shaped structures (basidia) which contain spores

Question 7

biofilm

Answer 7

A microbial community that is held together by a gummy-textured matrix

Question 8

bioremediation

Answer 8

The use of microbial metabolism to remove pollutants

Question 9

Black Death

Answer 9

A devastating pandemic that is believed to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis

Question 10

botulism

Answer 10

A disease produce by the toxin of the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum

Question 11

capsule

Answer 11

An external structure that enables a prokaryote to attach to surfaces and protects it from dehydration

Question 12

Chromalveolata

Answer 12

The eukaryotic super group that contains the dinoflagellates, ciliates, the brown algae, diatoms, and water molds

Question 13

Chytridiomycota

Answer 13

A primitive division of fungi that live in water and produce gametes with flagella

Question 14

commensalism

Answer 14

A symbiotic relationship in which one member benefits while the other member is not affected

Question 15

conjugation

Answer 15

The process by which prokaryotes move DNA from one individual to another using a pilus

Question 16

cyanobacteria

Answer 16

Bacteria that evolved from early phototrophs and oxygenated the atmosphere; also known as blue-green algae

Question 17

Deuteromycota

Answer 17

A division of fungi that do not have a known sexual reproductive cycle

Question 18

endosymbiosis

Answer 18

The engulfment of one cell by another such that the engulfed cell survives and both cells benefit; the process responsible for the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotes

Question 19

epidemic

Answer 19

A disease that occurs in an unusually high number of individuals in a population at the same time

Question 20

Excavata

Answer 20

the eukaryotic supergroup that contains flagellated single-celled organisms with fading groove

Question 21

extremophile

Answer 21

An organism that grows under extreme or harsh conditions

Question 22

foodborne disease

Answer 22

Any illness resulting from the consumption of contaminated food, or of the pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or other parasites that contaminate food

Question 23

Glomeromycota

Answer 23

A group of fungi that form symbiotic relationships with the roots of trees

Question 24

Gram-negative

Answer 24

Describes a bacterium whose cell wall contains little peptidoglycan but has an outer membrane

Question 25

Gram-positive

Answer 25

Describes a bacterium that contains mainly peptidoglycan in its cell walls

Question 26

hydrothermal vent

Answer 26

A fissure in Earth's surface that releases geothermally heated water

Question 27

hypha

Answer 27

A fungal filament composed of one or more cells

Question 28

lichen

Answer 28

The close association of a fungus with a photosynthetic alga or bacterium that benefits both partners

Question 29

microbial mat

Answer 29

A multi-layered sheet of prokaryotes that may include bacteria and archaea

Question 30

mold

Answer 30

A tangle of visible mycelia with a fuzzy appearance

Question 31

MRSA

Answer 31

(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) | A very dangerous Staphylococcus aureus strain resistant to antibiotics

Question 32

mycelium

Answer 32

A mass of fungal hyphae

Question 33

mycorrhiza

Answer 33

A mutualistic association between fungi and vascular plant roots

Question 34

mycosis

Answer 34

A fungal infection

Question 35

Opisthokonta

Answer 35

The eukaryotic super group that contains the fungi, animals, and choanoflagellates

Question 36

pandemic

Answer 36

A widespread, usually worldwide, epidemic disease

Question 37

parasite

Answer 37

An organism that lives on or in another organism and feeds on it, often without killing it

Question 38

pathogen

Answer 38

An organism, or infectious agent, that causes a disease

Question 39

pellicle

Answer 39

An outer cell covering composed of interlocking protein strips that function like a flexible coat of armor, preventing cells from being torn or pierced without compromising their range of motion

Question 40

peptidoglycan

Answer 40

A material composed of polysaccharide chains cross-linked to unusual peptides

Question 41

phototroph

Answer 41

An organism that uses energy from sunlight

Question 42

plastid

Answer 42

One of a group of related organelles in plant cells that are involved in the storage of starches, fats, proteins, and pigments

Question 43

pseudopeptidoglycan

Answer 43

A component of some cell walls of Archaea

Question 44

Rhizaria

Answer 44

The eukaryotic super group that contains organisms that move by amoeboid movement

Question 45

saprobe

Answer 45

An organism that feeds on dead organic material

Question 46

septum

Answer 46

The cell wall division between hyphae

Question 47

stromatolite

Answer 47

A layered sedimentary structure formed by precipitation of minerals by prokaryotes in microbial mats

Question 48

thallus

Answer 48

A vegetative body of a fungus

Question 49

transduction

Answer 49

The process by which a bacteriophage moves DNA from one prokaryote to another

Question 50

transformation

Answer 50

A mechanism of genetic change in prokaryotes in which DNA present in the environment is taken into the cell and incorporated into the genome

Question 51

yeast

Answer 51

A general term used to describe unicellular fungi

Question 52

Zygomycota

Answer 52

Conjugated fungi, the division of fungi that form a zygote contained in a zygospore