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General Bio > Ch. 6 Reproduction at the Cellular level > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Reproduction at the Cellular level Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

anaphase

A

the stage of mitosis during which sister chromatids are separated from each other

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2
Q

binary fission

A

the process of prokaryotic cell division

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3
Q

cell cycle

A

the ordered sequence of events that a cell passes through between one cell division and the next

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4
Q

cell cycle checkpoints

A

mechanisms that monitor the preparedness of a eukaryotic cell to advance through the various cell cycle stages

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5
Q

cell plate

A

a structure formed during plant-cell cytokinesis by Golgi vesicles fusing at the metaphase plate; will ultimately lead to formation of a cell wall to separate the two daughter cells

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6
Q

centriole

A

a paired rod-like structure constructed of microtubules at the center of each animal cell centrosome

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7
Q

cleavage furrow

A

a constriction formed by the actin ring during animal-cell cytokinesis that leads to cytoplasmic division

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8
Q

cytokinesis

A

the division of the cytoplasm following mitosis to form two daughter cells

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9
Q

diploid

A

describes a cell, nucleus, or organism containing two sets of chromosomes (2n)

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10
Q

FtsZ

A

a tubulin-like protein component of the prokaryotic cytoskeleton that is important in prokaryotic cytokinesis (name origin: Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z)

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11
Q

G0 phase

A

a cell-cycle phase distinct from the G1 phase of interphase; a cell in G0 is not preparing to divide

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12
Q

G1 phase

A

(also, first gap) a cell-cycle phase; first phase of interphase centered on cell growth during mitosis

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13
Q

G2 phase

A

(also, second gap) a cell-cycle phase; third phase of interphase where the cell undergoes the final preparations for mitosis

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14
Q

gamete

A

a haploid reproductive cell or sex cell (sperm or egg)

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15
Q

gene

A

the physical and functional unit of heredity; a sequence of DNA that codes for a specific peptide or RNA molecule

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16
Q

genome

A

the entire genetic complement (DNA) of an organism

17
Q

haploid

A

escribes a cell, nucleus, or organism containing one set of chromosomes (n)

18
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

chromosomes of the same length with genes in the same location; diploid organisms have pairs of homologous chromosomes, and the members of each pair come from different parents

19
Q

interphase

A

the period of the cell cycle leading up to mitosis; includes G1, S, and G2 phases; the interim between two consecutive cell divisions

20
Q

kinetochore

A

a protein structure in the centromere of each sister chromatid that attracts and binds spindle microtubules during prometaphase

21
Q

locus

A

the position of a gene on a chromosome

22
Q

metaphase

A

the stage of mitosis during which chromosomes are lined up at the metaphase plate

23
Q

metaphase plate

A

the equatorial plane midway between two poles of a cell where the chromosomes align during metaphase

24
Q

mitosis

A

the period of the cell cycle at which the duplicated chromosomes are separated into identical nuclei; includes prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

25
Q

mitotic phase

A

the period of the cell cycle when duplicated chromosomes are distributed into two nuclei and the cytoplasmic contents are divided; includes mitosis and cytokinesis

26
Q

mitotic spindle

A

the microtubule apparatus that orchestrates the movement of chromosomes during mitosis

27
Q

oncogene

A

a mutated version of a proto-oncogene, which allows for uncontrolled progression of the cell cycle, or uncontrolled cell reproduction

28
Q

origin

A

the region of the prokaryotic chromosome at which replication begins

29
Q

prometaphse

A

the stage of mitosis during which mitotic spindle fibers attach to kinetochores

30
Q

proto-oncogene

A

a normal gene that controls cell division by regulating the cell cycle that becomes an oncogene if it is mutated

31
Q

quiescent

A

describes a cell that is performing normal cell functions and has not initiated preparations for cell division

32
Q

S phase

A

the second, or synthesis phase, of interphase during which DNA replication occurs

33
Q

septum

A

a wall formed between bacterial daughter cells as a precursor to cell separation

34
Q

telophase

A

the stage of mitosis during which chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, decondense, and are surrounded by new nuclear envelopes

35
Q

tumor suppressor gene

A

a gene that codes for regulator proteins that prevent the cell from undergoing uncontrolled division

36
Q

prophase

A

the stage of mitosis during which chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle begins to form

General Bio (13 decks)

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