Ch19 reactions of organic compounds Flashcards
Define substitution reaction:
A reaction in which an atom/atoms of a molecule is/are replaced by different atom(s), without changing the molecules, general structure
Define photochemical reaction:
A chemical reaction where the activation energy required to start the reaction is provided by light, usually of particular wavelength, falling on the reactants
Define isomers:
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of the atoms - they have different structural formula
Define catalytic cracking:
The decomposition of long chain alkanes
into Alkenes and alkanes of lower relative molecular mas
Involves passing the larger alkane molecules over a catalyst heated to 500°C
Define fractional distillation:
A method of distillation using a fractionating column, used to separate liquids with different boiling points
Define hydrogenation:
An addition reaction in which hydrogen is added across the double bond in an alkene
Define hydration:
The addition of the elements of water across a carbon-carbon double bond
H- ads to one carbon, and -OH to the other
Define alcohols:
A series of organic compounds containing the functional group -OH and with the general formula ** CnH2n+1OH**
Define fermentation:
A reaction carried out using a living organism, usually a yeast/bacteria, to produce a useful chemical compound
Most usually refers to the production of ethanol
Define carboxylic acids:
A homologous series of organic compounds containing the functional group -COOH (-CO₂H)
With the general formula CnH2n+1COOH
Define refluxing:
A practical technique using a (reflux) condenser fitted vertically to condense vapors from an experiment back into a flask
Define esterification:
The chemical reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid that produces an ester; the other product is water
