Ch17 Inherited Change Flashcards

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1
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic constitution of an organism

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2
Q

Phenotype

A
  1. Observable characteristic of organism
  2. Interaction between genotype and environment
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3
Q

Gene

A

length of DNA
sequence of nucleotide bases
code for particular polypeptide

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4
Q

Co-dominance

A

both alleles are expressed in the phenotype

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5
Q

Observed ratio not expected

A
  1. Sample is too small
  2. fusion of gametes is random
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6
Q

Allele

A
  1. different form of a gene
  2. found on same locus of chromosome
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7
Q

Genetic variation

A
  1. Crossing over between chromatids
  2. Independent assortment
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8
Q

Sex-linkage

A

Allele located on sex chromosome

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9
Q

Male recessive sex-linkage

A
  1. Y chromosome is shorter
  2. Allele is more likely to be on X chromosome
  3. Male only get one copy of allele
  4. Recessive is expressed
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10
Q

Dominant allele

A

always expressed in phenotype

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11
Q

Autosomal linkage unexpected ratio

A
  1. genes located on same chromosome
  2. more likely to be inherited
  3. stay together during independent segregation
  4. produces 2 outcomes
  5. recombinant genes lower frequency- crossing over
  6. Parental genes higher frequency
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12
Q

Epistasis

A

allele masks or supresses expression of gene at another locus

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13
Q

Chi squared formula

A

∑ ((O-E)^2 / E)

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14
Q

Chi-squared conditions

A
  1. discrete data
  2. raw data
  3. large sample
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15
Q

Chi squared significant difference

A
  1. compare to critical value
  2. if number bigger/equal to critical value
    3 there is significant difference between observed and expected results
  3. reject null hypothesis
  4. results are not due to chance
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16
Q

Chi squared no signifcant difference

A
  1. compare to critical value
  2. if number less than critical value, 3. there is no significant difference between observed and expected results
  3. accept null hypothesis
  4. results are due to chance
17
Q

Genome

A

The complete set of genes in a cell

18
Q

Proteome

A

The complete set of proteins a cell is able to produce