Ch16 Blood glucose concentration

Question 1

High glucose concentration

Answer 1

1. Beta cells detect high bgc
2. secrete insulin into blood
3. bond with hormone receptors on cell surface membrane of red blood cells
4. cells become more permeable to glucose( glucose transport carrier proteins increase and open)
5. increased uptake of glucose by cells
6. stimulates glycogenesis (glucose to glycogen)

Question 2

Low glucose concentration

Answer 2

1. alpha cells detect low bgc
2. secrete glucagon into blood
3. bind with hormone receptors in membrane of liver cells
4. activates enzymes
5. convert glycogen to glucose(glycogenolysis)
6. convert amino acids and glycerol to glucose - gluconeogenesis
7. inhibits insulin- negative feedback

Question 3

Pancreas

Answer 3

islets of Langerhans
- larger alpha cells
- smaller beta cells

Question 4

Secondary messanger

Answer 4

1. adrenaline binds to specific receptor on liver- changing tertiary shape
2. activates adenyl cyclase enzyme
3. ATP converted to cyclic AMP
4. cAMP binds to protein kinase- changes tertiary shape
5. active protein kinase stimulates glycogen-> glucose (glycogenolysis)

Question 5

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 5

1. immune system attacks beta cells
2. cannot produce insulin

Question 6

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 6

1. Glycoprotein receptors lose responsiveness to insulin

Question 7

Hyperglycaemia

Answer 7

1. bgc to high
2. lowers water potential of blood
3. dehydration, frequent urination, glucose in urine, coma

Question 8

hypoglycaemia

Answer 8

1. bgc too low
2. cells deprived of energy
3. nausea, loss of concentration, coma

Question 9

Hormone injections

Answer 9

1. are proteins so cannot be taken by mouth
2. would be digested in ailmentary canal