Ch16 genetic inheritance

Question 1

species

Answer 1

a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 2

heredity

Answer 2

is the passing of traits, using genes from one generation to the next

Question 3

gene

Answer 3

a section of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 4

allele

Answer 4

an alternative for a gene

Question 5

locus

Answer 5

the position of the gene on a chromosome

Question 6

homozygous

Answer 6

means an individual has identical alleles

Question 7

heterozygous

Answer 7

means an individual has different alleles

Question 8

dominant allele

Answer 8

is the allele that is expressed in the heterozygous condition

Question 9

recessive allele

Answer 9

is the allele that is only expressed in the homozygous condition

Question 10

genotype

Answer 10

genetic make-up of an organism

Question 11

phenotype

Answer 11

the physical appearance of the organism and is produced from the interaction of the genotype and the environment

Question 12

gamete

Answer 12

a haploid sex cell capable of fusion

Question 13

fertilisation

Answer 13

the fusion of two haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote

Question 14

incomplete dominance

Answer 14

neither allele masks the expression of the other

Question 15

the law of segregation

Answer 15

states that organisms contain two factors for every trait. These factors seperate in gamete formation, producing gametes with only one copy of each factor

Question 16

mendel’s law of independent assortment

Answer 16

states that either member of a pair of alles can pass into a gamete with either member of another pair of alleles

Question 17

linked genes

Answer 17

where genes for different traits are contained on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together

Question 18

sex-linked genes

Answer 18

genes found on the X chromosome or on the Y chromosome

Question 19

non-nuclear DNA

Answer 19

DNA not contained in the nucleus that is passed from one generation to the next