Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > ch.15 psychological disorders > Flashcards

ch.15 psychological disorders Flashcards

1
Q

How can you define abnormality?

A
  • Abnormality is deviation from the average
  • Abnormality is deviation from the ideal
  • Abnormality is a sense of personal discomfort
  • Abnormality is the inability to function effectively
  • Abnormality is a legal concept that needs to be defined by law
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is abnormality a deviation from the average?

A

They are behaviors that are unusual/rare in a society that are considered abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When defining abnormality with reference to what the majority does/has/shows is?

A

Insufficient, misleading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is abnormality a deviation from the ideal?

A

A behavior is abnormal if it is different from what society considers ideal behavior, or if it is different from a moral ideal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the problems with the definition of abnormality being a deviation from the ideal?

A
  • Society has very limited number of ideals that everybody agrees on
  • Standards in a society tend to change over time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is abnormality a sense of personal discomfort?

A

Behavior is abnormal if it produces a sense of personal distress, anxiety, or guilt and if it is harmful to self/others in some way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is abnormality the inability to function effectively?

A

Most people can be social enough live independently enough in the society they live in yet some other cant adjust to demands of society (those who cant adapt to society are abnormal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is abnormality a legal concept that needs to be defined by law?

A

The judicial system relies on the legal definition of “insanity” (certain verdicts may be freed from their crimes on the basis of their degree of sanity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the problems of abnormality being a legal concept that needs to be defined by law?

A
  • Definition of insanity varies from one state to the other

- Laws can change shape and can be modified in their coverage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Abnormal behavior not being precisely defined satisfies what?

A
  • It satisfies the dimensions important for every professional
  • It satisfies universality being applicable to every culture/society
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The broad definition for abnormal behavior?

A

Any behavior that causes people to experience distress and that prevents them from functioning in their daily lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the four “D’s” of abnormality?

A
  • Danger to self/others
  • Dysfunction in self care/self adaptation
  • Deviance from norms on normality
  • Distress to self/others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 6 major perspectives on abnormality?

A 
1- Medical perspective 
2- Psychoanalytic perspective
3- Behavioral perspective 
4- Cognitive perspective 
5- Humanistic perspective 
6- Sociocultural perspective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the medical perspective on abnormality?

A

It assumes that physiological causes are at the root of psychological disorders (hormonal imbalance, a chemical deficiency, or a brain injury)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Many forms of abnormal behavior have biological causes like what?

A

Depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Many forms of abnormal behavior have no clear biological cause like what?

A

Personality disorders

17
Q

Using the term “mental illness” gives what kind of idea to people?

A

It gives an idea that people who demonstrate abnormal behavior have no control over/responsibility for their actions

18
Q

What is the psychoanalytic perspective on abnormality?

A

That abnormal behavior stems from childhood conflicts over opposing wishes concerning sex and aggression (psychosexual developmental stages)

19
Q

If childhood conflicts over sexual and aggressive impulses are not resolved

A

They can cause psychological problems during adulthood

20
Q

What is the focus of psychoanalytic perspective?

A

It focuses on early life history, to discover and solve problems

21
Q

What are the positives of the psychoanalytic perspective?

A
  • Strong emphasis on the rich inner world of humans

- Strong emphasis on the profound effect past experiences can have on current psychological functioning

22
Q

What are the negatives of the psychoanalytic perspective?

A
  • The link between childhood years and adult maladaptive behavior not clear or direct
  • Strong emphasis on people having little control over their behavior
23
Q

What is the behavioral perspective on abnormality?

A

It focuses on the rewards and punishments in the environment that determine abnormal behavior

24
Q

What does the behavioral perspective focus on?

A
  • It focuses on the disordered behavior itself

- Focuses on the responses that have been learnt in the past are evoked by stimuli happening today

25
Q

Responses that have been learnt in the past are evoked by?

A

Are evoked by stimuli happening today

26
Q

Abnormal behavior stems from what?

A

It stems from earlier learning experiences in specific environments

27
Q

What are the positives for the behavioral perspective?

A

Very precise and objective in examining behavioral symptoms

28
Q

The behavioral perspective is good in explaining?

A

Phobias, ADHD

29
Q

What are the negatives for the behavioral perspective?

A

Very clearly ignores the rich inner world of humans

30
Q

What is the rich inner world of humans?

A

Thoughts, attitudes, emotions

31
Q

What is the cognitive perspective on abnormality?

A

Where cognitions(thoughts, beliefs, attitudes) are central components of abnormal behavior

32
Q

What does the medical, psychoanalytic, and behavioral perspectives claim?

A

They claim behavior are results of factors mainly beyond their control

33
Q

What does the cognitive perspective focus on?

A

It focuses on how to teach new adaptive ways of thinking (people have the ability to modify their cognitions

34
Q

What are the positives for the cognitive perspective?

A
  • Emphasis on peoples control over their behavior

- Emphasis on the role maladaptive thoughts, attitudes, beliefs play in abnormal behavior

35
Q

What is the role of maladaptive thoughts, attitudes, and beliefs in abnormal behavior?

A

So they can be targeted for intervention and to educate the client about better ways of thinking even in the most negative circumstances

36
Q

What are the negatives for the cognitive perspective?

A

Causality of maladaptive cognitions is redoubtable

Psychology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions