Ch14

Question 1

what is the most commonly skipped meal among adolescence? How does this affect overall nutrient intake?

Answer 1

• Breakfast is the most commonly skipped meal.
• Skipping breakfast can decrease energy, protein, fibre, calcium and folate due to absence of breakfast cereals, milk and other nutrient-dense foods.

Question 2

Why is vitamin D important in the body? Generally, who is at risk for low levels of vitamin D?

Answer 2

• Vitamin D is essential for intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, therefore essential in optimal bone formation.
• Even in early stages of deficiency, PTH is elevated to maintain calcium levels through demineralisation of bone.
• In NZ, food in low in vitamin D, can be produced through exposure to the sun (low in winter and South island and dark skin).

Question 3

What is the current recommendations for adolescents regarding physical activity. What is the benefits?

Answer 3

• Recommend engaging in moderate to vigorous-intensity aerobic activity daily or nearly every day. As well as muscle and bone strengthening activities at least 3 times a week.
• Exercise improved aerobic endurance, muscular strength, reduce obesity, and build bone mass. Better self-esteem and lower levels of anxiety and stress.

Question 4

How can you better involve an adolescent in decision-making process?

Answer 4

1. Adolescents encouraged to become engaged in personal decisions about health.
2. Good rapport may lead to greater interaction.
3. Behavior change and willingness is likely when adolescent has suggested ways to change.

Question 5

What are the four “ps” for marketing, discuss some strategies based on behavioral economics that schools can utilise to improve eating behaviours.

Answer 5

• A practice assisting adolescents in making healthy choices in schools in behavioral economics.
• Behavioual economics strategies to improve eating behaviors usually focus on the four “Ps” of marketing: price, promotion, product, and placement.
• Schools can ultise strategies e.g. easy placement of healthy food, cheaper prices for healthy food, promoting healthy foods.