Ch13 Neural Tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the Myelin sheath? What are the cells that form this sheath in the central and peripheral nervous system

A

It is an insulator and conductor of electrical signals (action potential)down the axon it is 10-50 times faster,

CNS oligodendrocytes

Pns Schwann cells

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of neural tissue

A

2 cell types
Neurons: transfer and process information do electricity [Soma Axon and dendrites]

Neuroglia: Supporting cells protects, isolates, supports, framework, 5X more than neurons. 6subtypes

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3
Q

What are the six types of neuroglia cells

A
Satellite cells (PNS)
Schwann cells(PNS)

Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Astrocytes (CNS)
Microglia (CNS)
Ependymal (CNS)

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4
Q

Explain the function of the PNS neuroglia cells

A

Satellite cells: surround neuron cell bodies regulate 02 and CO2, nutrients and neurotransmitters.

Schwan cells: surround the axon creating the myelin sheath and help repair after injury

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5
Q

Explain the function of the CNS neuroglia cells

A

Oligodendrocytes: produce myelin sheath structures and framework.

Astrocytes: blood brain barrier

Microglia: immune system cells protecting cells

Ependymal: Lines the ventricles circulate makes and maintains cerebral fluid

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6
Q

What is the function of the sensory neurons

A

Sends information from PNS to CNS

(Afferent division) / sensory input

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7
Q

What is the function of motor neurons

A

Send information from CNS to PNS

(Efferent division) / motor output

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8
Q

What is the function of interneurons (association neurons)

A

Found only in CNS coordinates between motor and sensory, Can excite or inhibit

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9
Q

Gray matter versus white matter

A

Gray matter:cell bodies, groups of neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated axons

White matter: axons with myelinated axon

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10
Q

nucleus versus ganglion

A

Nucleus: CNS group of cell bodies

Ganglion: PNS group of cell bodies

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11
Q

Tract versus nerve

A

Tract: CNS bundle of axons
Nerve: PNS bundle of Axons

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12
Q

***Sensory tract versus Motor tract

A

Sensory:

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13
Q

Somatic versus autonomic nervous system

A

Somatic: voluntary motor output skeletal muscle

Autonomic: Involuntary motor output parasympathetic and sympathetic

Both PNS efferent division

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14
Q

What is the difference between the central and peripheral nervous system

A

Central nervous system is responsible for integrating processing and coordinating sensory input

Peripheral nervous system provides sensory info to the CNS and carries motor commands away from the CNS

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15
Q

What are the components of the central nervous system

A

Sensory input stimulation from external or internal environment that is sent to the CNS for processing

Motor output the appropriate response for a stimulus sent to the central nervous system to the effector gland cells tissue that respond

CNS is the seat of intelligence memory learning and emotion

Brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

What are the components of the peripheral nervous system

A

The afferent division -Bring sensory info to the CNS sensory input
The Efferent division-Carries motor commands to the muscles and glands motor output

17
Q

What is the structure and function of the neuron

A

Neurons are excitable cells the cells respond to stimuli by producing an electrical signal ions maintain electrical signals

18
Q

Functional classification of neurons

A

Interneurons- Found only in CNS

Sensory and motor neurons- Found in both CNS and PNS

19
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Ganglia group of cell bodies

nerves bundles of axons

20
Q

Central nervous system

A

Nuclei - group of cell bodies

tracts- bundles of axons

21
Q

Name the functions of different parts of the neural cell

A

Dendrites receive information from other neurons there an extension of the cell body

Axon hillock- We’re electrical signal/AP is generated a stimulus is strong enough it will then travel down Axon-Carries electrical signals around nervous system
Terminal Boutons store neurotransmitter and release on to cell synapse when they receive electrical signal from axon

22
Q

Neuron cells

A

Neuroglia cells