Ch13 Neural Tissue

Question 1

What is the function of the Myelin sheath? What are the cells that form this sheath in the central and peripheral nervous system

Answer 1

It is an insulator and conductor of electrical signals (action potential)down the axon it is 10-50 times faster,

CNS oligodendrocytes

Pns Schwann cells

Question 2

What are the characteristics of neural tissue

Answer 2

2 cell types
Neurons: transfer and process information do electricity [Soma Axon and dendrites]

Neuroglia: Supporting cells protects, isolates, supports, framework, 5X more than neurons. 6subtypes

Question 3

What are the six types of neuroglia cells

Answer 3

Satellite cells (PNS)
Schwann cells(PNS)

Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Astrocytes (CNS)
Microglia (CNS)
Ependymal (CNS)

Question 4

Explain the function of the PNS neuroglia cells

Answer 4

Satellite cells: surround neuron cell bodies regulate 02 and CO2, nutrients and neurotransmitters.

Schwan cells: surround the axon creating the myelin sheath and help repair after injury

Question 5

Explain the function of the CNS neuroglia cells

Answer 5

Oligodendrocytes: produce myelin sheath structures and framework.

Astrocytes: blood brain barrier

Microglia: immune system cells protecting cells

Ependymal: Lines the ventricles circulate makes and maintains cerebral fluid

Question 6

What is the function of the sensory neurons

Answer 6

Sends information from PNS to CNS

(Afferent division) / sensory input

Question 7

What is the function of motor neurons

Answer 7

Send information from CNS to PNS

(Efferent division) / motor output

Question 8

What is the function of interneurons (association neurons)

Answer 8

Found only in CNS coordinates between motor and sensory, Can excite or inhibit

Question 9

Gray matter versus white matter

Answer 9

Gray matter:cell bodies, groups of neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated axons

White matter: axons with myelinated axon

Question 10

nucleus versus ganglion

Answer 10

Nucleus: CNS group of cell bodies

Ganglion: PNS group of cell bodies

Question 11

Tract versus nerve

Answer 11

Tract: CNS bundle of axons
Nerve: PNS bundle of Axons

Question 12

***Sensory tract versus Motor tract

Answer 12

Sensory:

Question 13

Somatic versus autonomic nervous system

Answer 13

Somatic: voluntary motor output skeletal muscle

Autonomic: Involuntary motor output parasympathetic and sympathetic

Both PNS efferent division

Question 14

What is the difference between the central and peripheral nervous system

Answer 14

Central nervous system is responsible for integrating processing and coordinating sensory input

Peripheral nervous system provides sensory info to the CNS and carries motor commands away from the CNS

Question 15

What are the components of the central nervous system

Answer 15

Sensory input stimulation from external or internal environment that is sent to the CNS for processing

Motor output the appropriate response for a stimulus sent to the central nervous system to the effector gland cells tissue that respond

CNS is the seat of intelligence memory learning and emotion

Brain and spinal cord

Question 16

What are the components of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 16

The afferent division -Bring sensory info to the CNS sensory input
The Efferent division-Carries motor commands to the muscles and glands motor output

Question 17

What is the structure and function of the neuron

Answer 17

Neurons are excitable cells the cells respond to stimuli by producing an electrical signal ions maintain electrical signals

Question 18

Functional classification of neurons

Answer 18

Interneurons- Found only in CNS

Sensory and motor neurons- Found in both CNS and PNS

Question 19

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 19

Ganglia group of cell bodies

nerves bundles of axons

Question 20

Central nervous system

Answer 20

Nuclei - group of cell bodies

tracts- bundles of axons

Question 21

Name the functions of different parts of the neural cell

Answer 21

Dendrites receive information from other neurons there an extension of the cell body

Axon hillock- We’re electrical signal/AP is generated a stimulus is strong enough it will then travel down Axon-Carries electrical signals around nervous system
Terminal Boutons store neurotransmitter and release on to cell synapse when they receive electrical signal from axon

Question 22

Neuron cells

Answer 22

Neuroglia cells