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Biology > Ch.11.4 Meiosis > Flashcards

Ch.11.4 Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

Polar body

A

The small cell created when eggs are being formed

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2
Q

“Specialness” about the formation of eggs

A

The cell splits unevenly so one cell is big and healthy and that one becomes the fertilized egg

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3
Q

Heredity

A

The transition of traits from one generation to another

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4
Q

How many chromosomes in a normal cell

A

46

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5
Q

Locus

A

The specific location of a gene

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6
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

An individual passes along copies of all its genes to its offspring

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7
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

The fusion of two separate parent cells. In sexual reproduction, offspring are produced by the fusion of special reproductive cells formed by each of two parents. Offspring produced by sexual reproduction inherit some of their genetic information from each parent.

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8
Q

Somatic cell

A

Body cells

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9
Q

Karyotype

A

A picture of the chromosomes

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10
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

The same/marching chromosomes from each parent

They carry the same genes

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11
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

Th X and Y that determine sex

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12
Q

Autosomes

A

The chromosomes that aren’t the sex chromosomed

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13
Q

Gamates

A

The sperm and egg cells

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14
Q

Haploid

A

A cell with only one set on genes

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15
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg

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16
Q

Diploid

A

Cells with 2 sets of DNA

17
Q

How are gametes produced?

A

Meiosis

18
Q

What happens before meiosis

A

DNA replucation

19
Q

Prophase 1 / synapsis

A

The father and mother chromosomes (homologous pairs) come together to form the tetrad

(Kinetachores attach to one side of each chromosome so the whole chromosome is pulled to one side)

20
Q

Tetrad

A

The 2 homologous pairs of chromosomes that come together

21
Q

Chiasmata

A

Where crossing over takes place

22
Q

Crossing over

A

The 2 chromosomes in the tetrad get so close that genes can switch between the two

23
Q

Recombinant chromosomes

A

Chromosomes that contain both parents DNA becaus elf crossing over

24
Q

How is variation among offspring possible?

A
  • crossing over
  • independent assortment
  • random fertilization
25
Q

Independent assortment

A

Some cells after meiosis 1 have mother and father chromosomes of different alleles

26
Q

Random fertilization

A

Any sperm can fuse with any egg

Biology (10 decks)

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