Ch. 11.1-11.3 Mendel Flashcards
Segregation
The separation of alleles during gamete formation
Incomplete dominance
Cases where one allele is not completely dominant over the other
-the heterozygous phenotype is a mix of the 2 homozygous ones
Codominance
The phenotypes produced by both alleles are expressed in heterozygous organisms
Multiple alleles
A gene with more than two alleles affecting a trait
Polygenic trait
Trait controlled by 2 or more genes
Parts of a flower…
In el libro
The law of segregation
The 2 alleles are in separate gametes
Ratio of a heterozygous cross
3:1
Test cross
Breeding a receive with the (unknown genotype) dominant can determine the identity.
If a receive is produced then the organism is definitely heterozygous and if only dominants are produced the plant is probably homozygous but not for sure
Law of independent assortment
Each pair of alleles segregates into gametes independently
Dihybrid crosses
- definition
- ratio
- A hybrid cross for 2 traits (ex. A plant with heterozygous seed color and wrinklyness is self-pollenated
- 9:3:3:1, both dominant, one dominant and one receive, oth dominant and other receive, both receive
Blood type
- types
- written
- Meaning
- AB?
-AB, A, B, O
-IaIb, IaIa or IaIo, IbIb or IbIo, ioio
-A blood means the red blood cells have a proteins and therefore create B antibodies to fight off unwanted blood.
O cells don’t have any proteins but have both A and B
antibodies
AB cells have A and B proteins and not antigens.
-AB blood is codominant but the O is receive in all cases
Universal donner
Universal receiver
- O blood
- AB blood
Pleotropic
One gene affects many characteristics
Epistasis
One gene alters the effect of another gene
Ex a receive gene causes an enzyme to change the color of hair
