Ch.1 Foundations

Question 1

What is Structural Kinesiology?

Answer 1

Study of muscles, bones, and joints in the science of movement

Question 2

Difference between Anatomical position and Fundamental position?

Answer 2

Anatomical is used mostly w/ palms facing forward whereas Fundamental has the palms facing the body

Question 3

Description of Prone and Supine

Answer 3

Prone- lying on stomach
Supine- lying on back

Question 4

What are the Axillary lines and the sternum line?

Answer 4

-Anterior Axillary line
-Mid-Axillary line
-Posterior Axillary line
-Mid-sternal line

Question 5

What are the reference lines for the clavicle, scapula, and vertebrae?

Answer 5

-Mid-Clavicular line
-Scapula line
-Vertebral line

Question 6

5 Anatomical Directions (CIBCC)

Answer 6

•Contralateral- Opposite side
•Ipsilateral- Same side
•Bilateral- Right and left side
•Caudal- Below, inferior
•Cephalic- Above, superior

Question 7

3 planes of motion

Answer 7

-Sagittal plane (left and right cut)
-Frontal plane (front and back cut)
-Transverse plane

Question 8

What movements are in Sagittal plane frontal axis?

Answer 8

Flexion: decreasing joint angle
Extension: increasing joint angle

Question 9

Movement in frontal plane Sagittal axis?

Answer 9

Abduction: away from body
Adduction: closer to the body

Question 10

Axis in transverse plane?

Answer 10

Longitudinal axis

Question 11

What are Axial skeletons and how many bones are there?

Answer 11

-Cephalic (head)
-Cervical(neck)
-Trunk (thoracic, dorsal, abdominal, and pelvic)
—80 bones

Question 12

What is the Appendicular skeleton and how many bones are there?

Answer 12

-Upper limbs
-Lower limbs
-126 bones

Question 13

5 Skeletal functions(PSPMH)

Answer 13

• Protection of heart, lungs, brain, etc.
• Support to maintain posture
• Points of attachment
• Mineral storage
• Hemopoiesis- Process of blood formation in the red bone marrow

Question 14

5 types of bones

Answer 14

•Long bones(humerus, fibula)
• Short bones(carpals, tarsals)
• Flat bones(skull, scapula)
• Irregular bones(pelvis, ethmoid)
• Sesamoid bones(patella)

Question 15

3 classifications of joints w/ example (SAD)

Answer 15

• Synarthrodial - skull suture
• Amphiarthrodial - tibia/fibula
• Diarthrodial - wrist, ankle

Question 16

What is the joint relationship between stability and mobility

Answer 16

The more mobile a joint, the less stable

Question 17

Difference between close-packed joints and open-packed joints

Answer 17

Closed joints: most stable
Open joints: minimal stable

Question 18

What isotonic movement goes against gravity?

Answer 18

Concentric

Question 19

What isotonic movement goes with gravity?

Answer 19

Eccentric

Question 20

4 Anatomical Directional Terminology (DVPP)

Answer 20

• Dorsal -Relating to the back; toward the back, posterior
• Ventral -Relating to the belly or abdomen, front
• Palmar -Palm
• Plantar -Sole or undersurface of the foot

Question 21

What are bones composed of?

Answer 21

calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, collagen and water

Question 22

5 typical bony features (DPCEM)

Answer 22

~Diaphysis- Long cylindrical shaft of bones
• Periosteum -Membrane covering outer surface of diaphysis
• Cortex -Hard compact bone forming walls of diaphysis
• Endosteum -Membrane that lines inside the cortex
• Medullary (marrow) cavity -Between walls of diaphysis, having yellow/fatty marrow

Question 23

4 Typical Bony features (EEA)

Answer 23

• Epiphysis -End of long bones
• Epiphyseal plate (growth plate) -Thin cartilage plate that separate diaphysis and epiphyses
• Articular (hyaline) cartilage -Covers the epiphysis and provides cushion and reduces friction