Ch. 11 Trunk & Spinal Column Flashcards
Most complex part of body other than CNS
Vertebral column
Anterior muscle portion of the trunk
Abdominal muscles
T/F: Many small intrinsic muscles act on head, vertebral column & thorax are too deep to palpate
True
How many ARTICULATING MOVEABLE vertebrae are there?
24
How many FUSED NON-MOVEABLE vertebrae are there?
9
Total pairs of spinal nerves in vertebral column
31
What makes up the 24 articulating vertebrae?
• 7 cervical (neck) vertebrae
• Atlas and axis ⬆️
• 12 thoracic (chest) vertebrae
• 5 lumbar (lower back) vertebrae
What makes up the 9 fused vertebrae?
• 5 sacrum (posterior pelvic girdle) vertebrae
• 4 coccyx (tail bone) vertebrae
The first two cervical vertebrae
• Atlas: first cervical vertebra C1
• Axis second cervical vertebra C2
Rotary movement from atlas and axis
Head to side
Forward & backward
Vertebrae C2 to L5 body
anterior bony block
Vertebrae C2 to L5: Transverse process projects out…
Laterally
Vertebrae C2 to L5 the spinous process projects….
Posteriorly
T/F: Spinal curves enable vertebral column to absorb blows and shocks
True
The three normal curves thin moveable spine
• Thoracic spine curves anteriorly
• Cervical & lumbar spine curve posteriorly
T/F: spinal curves in vertebral column decrease in vertebrae size
False
Increased curving of thoracic spine outward in the sagittal plane
Kyphosis
Increased curving of the
spine inward or forward in
the sagittal plane
Lordosis
Lateral curving of the
spine
Scoliosis
Thorax: how many pairs of ribs are there and what kind are they?
12
True ribs: 7
Fake ribs: 5
Another word for true ribs and fake ribs
True ribs: vertebrosterna
Fake ribs: vertebrochondral
Pair of ribs that attach directly to sternum
True ribs
Pair of ribs that attach indirectly to sternum
False ribs(only 3/5)
-other 2 are floating ribs
T/:F: All ribs attach anteriorly to thoracic vertebrae
False
Posteriorly
3 parts that make up the sternum
• Manubrium
• Body
• Xiphoid process
7 muscle attachment bony landmarks (MpTpSpSCIcPc)
• Mastoid process
• Transverse processes of spine
• Spinous processes of spine
• Sternum
• Clavicle
• Iliac crest
• Pubic crest
Joint that connects skull and vertebral/spine
Craniovertebral joints
Joint that connects Atlas/C1 to occipital joint behind skull
Atlantoocciptal joint
First joint that is formed by occipital condyles of skull sitting on articular fossa of the 1st vertebra/C1
Atlantooccipital
What movements does the atlantoocciptial allow? (4)
flexion, extension, slight lateral flexion
Joint that involves Atlas (C1) sitting on axis (C2)
Atlantoaxial joint
Most mobile joint of any two vertebrae
Atlantoaxial joint
What type of joint is the Atlantoaxial joint?
Trochoid or pivot-type joint
T/F: Except Atlantoaxial joint, Remainder of vertebral articulations have minimal
movement between any 2 vertebrae
True
What amount of movement do most vertebrae allow when combining?
Substantial movement
What Type of joints are vertebral articulations due to limited movement
arthrodial or gliding-
type joints
What makes up the intervertebral disks? AfNp
Annulus fibrous and nucleus pulposus
Compressed elastic material allows…&
Compression and torsion
What puts pressure on spinal nerve root, causing pain, tingling, numbness and/or weakness in lower extremity
Protrusion
Most joint movements occur in which regions?
Cervical and lumbar
Flexion of trunk=
Flexion of head=
Lumbar flexion
Cervical(capital) flexion
Cranial and cervical nerves
SCM & splenius
Posterior spinal nerves
Erector spinae group
Thoracic and lumbar nerves (RaOTaQl)
Rectus abdominis, obliques,
transverse abdominis, quadratus
lumborum
Large and powerful muscles in moving Head
Sternocleidomastoid(SCM) & splenius capitis
O&I: SCM muscles ANTERIOR
• O: sternum, clavicle
• I: mastoid
O&I: Splenius muscles (capitis & cervicis) POSTERIOR
• O: cervical & thoracic
vertebrae
• I: cervical vertebrae,
mastoid process,
occipital bone
Large and powerful muscles in vertebral column
Erector spinae and splenius
O&I: Erector spinae muscles (sacrospinalis)
• O: iliac crest, ribs, spinous processes
• I: ribs, spinous processes
3 layers of erector spinae muscles
• Iliocostalis (lateral layer)
• Longissimus (middle layer)
• Spinalis (medial layer
Muscle in the thorax
Diaphragm
TF: Abdominal wall muscles go bone to bone
False,
Attach into an aponeurosis (fascia) around rectus abdominis
area
Diaphragm: As it contracts & flattens, thoracic volume is …& air is inspired to equalize the pressure
Increased
TF: Large abdominal muscles aid in lumbar movements
True
O&I: Quadratus lumborum POSTERIOR
• O: iliac crest
• I: ribs and vertebrae
O&I: Rectus Abdominis muscle (ANTERIOR)
• O: pubis
• I: ribs and xiphoid process
O&I: External oblique abdominal muscle (reaching into pockets)
• O: ribs
• I: ilium, pubis, rectus
abdominis
O&I: Internal oblique abdominal muscle (reaching up)
• O: inguinal ligament, ilium
• I: ribs, linea alba
O&I: Transversus abdominis muscle
• O: inguinal ligament, iliac
crest, ribs
• I: pubis, linea alba
Aid in dynamic stability for total body functions
Core muscles
Inner core muscles (DTaLmPf)
Diaphragm, transversus abdominis, lumbar multifidus & pelvic floor muscles
Outer core muscles (RaEoIoEs)
rectus abdominis, external obliques, internal obliques &
erector spinae
Agonist muscle for cervical flexion (anterior)
Sternocleidomastoid/SCM
Agonists for cervical extension (posterior)
Erector spinae (3 layers)
Splenius (2 parts)
Agonists for cervical lateral flexion
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Erector spinae
• Splenius muscles
Agonist for cervical rotation
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Erector spinae
• Splenius muscles
Agonist for lumbar flexion
• Rectus abdominis
• External obliques
• Internal obliques
Agonists for lumbar extension
• Quadratus lumborum
• Erector spinae
Agonists for lumbar lateral flexion
• Erector spinae
• Rectus abdominis
• External obliques
• Internal obliques
• Quadratus lumborum
Agonists for lumbar rotation
• Erector spinae
• External obliques
• Internal obliques
• Quadratus lumborum
Name of the abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Scoliosis
