ch03 cellular level of organization

Question 1

What is the plasma membrane?

Answer 1

flexible barrier that surrounds and contains cytoplasm of the cell

Question 2

what is plasma membrane constuctued of?

Answer 2

a fluid mosaic made up of a lipid bilayer

Question 3

what are amphipathic molecules?

Answer 3

molecules that have both charged and uncharged parts to the head and tails

Question 4

the 2 types of membrane proteins

Answer 4

Integral(transmembrane), peripheral

Question 5

What are integral proteins?

Answer 5

extend into or across the entire lipid bilayer

Question 6

what are peripheral proteins?

Answer 6

only found on the outer surface of the membrane and can broken away without disturbing membrane integrity

Question 7

what are function of membrane proteins

Answer 7

function as ion channels, carriers, receptors, enzymes, linkers and cell-identity markers

Question 8

def: selectively permeable

Answer 8

membrane allowing small, nonpolar uncharged molecules to pass by without the use of membrane proteins
involved

Question 9

what is concentration gradient?

Answer 9

different of conc of a chemical between one side of membrane and the other side

Question 10

Which membrane protein is involved with the transport of molecules that otherwise would be unable to enter the cell?

Answer 10

carrier proteins

Question 11

what is it called when the inner surface of the membrane is more -charged and the outer surface is more +charged

Answer 11

electrical gradient

Question 12

when both gradients are combined its called

Answer 12

electrochemical gradient

Question 13

name the 3 passive processes

Answer 13

simple diffusion, faciliated diffusion and osmosis

Question 14

name the 2 active processes

Answer 14

Primary and secondary transport, vesicular transport

Question 15

diffusion

Answer 15

random mixing of particles that occur in solution due to kinetic energy(passive)

Question 16

simple diffusion

Answer 16

nonpolar hydrophobic molecules diffuse across lipid bilayer without the need to transport protein

Question 17

facilitated diffusion

Answer 17

transmembrane(integral) moves solutes over lipid bilayer that are too polar

Question 18

Channel-mediated facillitated diffusion

Answer 18

solute moving down a concrete gradient through a membrane channel(most channels are ion channels)

Question 19

Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion

Answer 19

solute binding to specific transporter on one side of membrane and is released on the other side

Question 20

osmosis

Answer 20

movement os solvent through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to low conc

Question 21

TorF: the difference between simple and facilitated diffusion is that facilitated diffusion requires a membrane protein and simple diffusion doesn’t need one

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Tonicity

Answer 22

how the solution infulences the shape of body cells

Question 23

3 types of tonicity

Answer 23

hypertonic,isotonic,hypotonic

Question 24

def: Hypotonic

Answer 24

lower conc and more dilute than body fluids (hypo=hippo fat) 0.45% NaCl

Question 25

def: isotonic

Answer 25

same conc of particles as the intra and extracellular fluids 0.9% NaCl

Question 26

def: hypertonic

Answer 26

conc is greater than body fluids(skinny cell) 3% NaCl

Question 27

Active transport

Answer 27

use of energy to move solutes across the membrane going against the conc gradient

Question 28

Primary active transport

Answer 28

Energy used from ATP changes shape of transporter proteins, which pump substance across the membrane
ex. Sodium ion/potassium pump

Question 29

Secondary active transport

Answer 29

the use of energy stored in hydrogen or sodium conc gradients that are used to drive other substances against their own conc gradients

Question 30

2 porters of 2nd active transport

Answer 30

antiporters(oposite directions), symporters(same direction)

Question 31

Endocytosis

Answer 31

material moving into a cell in a vesicle formed from the plasma membrane

Question 32

the 3 types of endocytosis are:

Answer 32

receptor-mediated endocytosis
phagocytosis
pinocytosis

Question 33

define receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 33

the selective taking of large molecules of viruses using receptors on the outer membrane
- the reactors bind to solute then a vesicle shapes around it so it enters