Ch Reviews Flashcards
Do males or females generally enter puberty first?
females
What can be some of the emotional issues around development of secondary sex characteristics?
If they’re looking different from their peers or hitting it late/earlier then others it could lead to pride or embarrassment about their bodies
What are some of the both positive and negatives factors of early adolescent cognitive development?
positive: they gain logic and question things; negative: risk taking and poor rationale skills because frontal lobe isn’t fully developed
What is probably the main social goal for early adolescent?
fitting in; acceptance
Why do eating disorders become an issue in early adolescence?
body image issues and purging; peers talking bot dieting and weight loss can influence this
What would be some arguments to support comprehensive sex education for early adolescents?
knowledge; safety; empowerment; healthy relationships/dating; emotional and physical consequences; preventive resources
Why is late adolescence called the peak potential years?
strongest physically
What are some aspects of late adolescence that can make it very stressful?
transition! potential long life decisions, new found freedom and independence; uncertainty
What are the main health issues of late adolescents?
asthma, diabetes, ulcers, depression
Are late adolescence brains fully developed? How is this manifested?
No; still developing frontal lobe; impulse and rational developing – shows by not always making the best decisions, do what they think is best for them; emotions guiding decision making and risk taking behavior
Early adolescents are egotistical in their thought process. What about late adolescents?
Still so, but more able to see multiple truths and put themselves in others shoes; dual to realistic thinking
Explain dualistic vs. realistic thinking
right/wrong, black/white thinking to seeing multiple truths/considerations of more than one answer
What are issues for late adolescents regarding career development?
change their minds frequently
What could be a counselor’s role in substance abuse prevention with late adolescents?
education, coping skills, follow up and continuous education, ongoing comprehensive educational prevention measures
Issues around academic transition for late adolescents
better transition if they were academically pushed in high school with talking about college, EP classes, shadowing, social transition
What are some of the positive and negatives about living at home in late adolescents?
Positive: economically smart– saving money; Negative: social stigma and argument over rules if relationship doesn’t evolve
What five key features characterize emerging adulthood?
- identity exploration (love and work)
- instability (transitioning)
- self focused (no major obligations to others yet)
- feeling in-between (not a child, but not an adult)
- age of possibilities (can do anything set your mind to)
What makes early adulthood “peak” years?
physically strongest and healthy; both cognitively and physically
What about brain development in early adulthood? How does brain development differ between individuals at this stage?
everything is fully developed at this stage; brain development slows because it’s fully formed and such; but different levels of attainment
Why does obesity often become an issue in early adulthood?
busy doing other things and working… less time spent moving around or exercising
What is post-formal thinking (Piaget)?
Qualitative change in thinking/universal ethical standards of thinking/no more black and white thinking/draw on prior experiences (not everyone got here)
What is post-formal stage for Kohlberg?
Can sometimes be triggered by life crisis; value dignity for all life; believe all individuals have rights/liberties that come before societal needs; no set consequences for set actions; reasons behind actions considered; freedom limited only when that freedom infringes upon someone else; (again not everyone got here)
Explain how body image is more than just being fat or thin?
it’s how you feel about yourself and how you think others think you feel about yourself and how you think others view you; goes into this cycle of thinking that can be dangerous
What are some of the substance abuse issues for early adults?
alcohol and marijuana use increases; consequences for health
What are some of the issues around lifestyle for early adults?
staying single co habitation marriage family separation and divorce same-sex relationships
Individuals in middle adulthood are in which of Erikson’s stages?
Generativity vs. stagnation (giving back and giving advice to the next generation vs. withdrawing and being stuck)
The primary crisis in middle adulthood?
balancing life, family and work
What are some of the physical changes in middle adulthood?
appearance and inward changes: internal organ decline; menopause; testosterone decline; graying of the hair; wrinkles…
What are some of the cognitive changes in middle adulthood?
decline in cognitive resources (numerical ability and perceptual speed); improvement in vocab, verbal memory, inductive reasoning
What do anxieties in middle adulthood generally center around?
Balancing multiple roles and transitions (family, life, work)
What are some aspects of midlife transition?
reflecting on what is in light of, what was hoped for and implications for what is next; fit lifestyle with emotional needs; reaching dreams
What is different about midlife crisis?
triggers–traumatic stress cycle
impulsive–buying irrational purchases, pursuing other romantic, burning down bridges drastically and not thinking rationally; or stuck depressed and not knowing what to do
Two of the strongest predictors of good health in old old age?
social connections and how you took care of yourself throughout your life
Define iatrogenic
side effects or consequences due to the activity of a physician or therapy
what are the four factors that clients may be dealing with as they are facing death?
- reluctance to talk about death
- anxiety about death
- guilt
- loneliness and isolation of the dying person
5 stages of grief by Kubler Ross
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance
