Ch 12: Late Adulthood

Question 1

Which of Erikson’s stages is late adulthood in?

Answer 1

integrity vs. dispair; having satisfaction with life vs regrets

Question 2

By 2020 16.5% of the population will be 65+; by 2060 it will increase to 20.8%; This demographic change is labeled what?

Answer 2

age wave; fueled by the baby boomer generation (due to increased life expectancy and more possibilities)

Question 3

Increased life expectancy offers positive opportunities; what challenges does it also bring about?

Answer 3

decline in health; retirement plans; financial burden; increase in mental health; concerns; suicide increases; a need of more resources for older population

Question 4

The time-dependent series of cumulative, progressive, intrinsic, and harmful changes that begin to manifest themselves at reproductive maturity and eventually end with the end of life

Answer 4

the aging process

Question 5

One of the challenges in late adulthood is to ___ life on its own terms; adults are ___ as they age.

Answer 5

accept life on its own terms; adults are happier as they age

Question 6

identifying opportunities that are of greatest importance (adaptation)

Answer 6

selection

Question 7

allocation of resources in order to achieve higher levels of functioning (adaptation)

Answer 7

optimization

Question 8

when resources are limited; identifying strategies to minimize negative impact (adaptation)

Answer 8

compensation

Question 9

life satisfaction is influenced by

Answer 9

external and personal influences (SES, financial adequacy); psychological factors (perceived health status, vitality, sociability); social factors (participation in culturally valued tasks)

Question 10

counselors and clients need to look at the link between ____ and ______

Answer 10

life goals and life satisfaction

Question 11

judging life positively and feeling good about one’s life

Answer 11

well-being; includes the presence of positive emotions and moods, the absence of negative emotions, satisfaction with life, fulfillment, and positive functioning

Question 12

well-being is dependent upon

Answer 12

good health, positive social relationships, and availability and access to basic resources

Question 13

____, more than other changes commonly associated with aging, can reduce a person’s competence in mastering environment and ultimately quality of life

Answer 13

poor health

Question 14

the concept of good health implies the interaction and integration of

Answer 14

body, mind and spirit

Question 15

most common health issues for those in late adulthood

Answer 15

cardio disease; hypertension; arthritis; hearing impairment; cataracts; glaucoma; lower back problems

Question 16

most common mental health issues in late adulthood

Answer 16

depression; anxiety; dementia; PTSD; bipolar disorder

Question 17

one of the greatest fears of those in late adulthood is

Answer 17

loss of mental capacity

Question 18

Describes what many believe are the consequences of old age (technically referred to as dementia)

Answer 18

senility (loss of mental and emotional abilities; helplessness; confusion and disorientation)

Question 19

humans have the potential to live to ____ years

Answer 19

120-125 years

Question 20

Longevity depends on

Answer 20

nutritional resources, being free of fatal diseases, avoiding environmental hazards, eliminating extreme risks of poverty and civil unrest

Question 21

U.S. life expectancy is ____ years

Answer 21

78.61; 77.1 males, 81.9 females (women over the age of 80 are the largest and oldest group within late adulthood

Question 22

with increase longevity _____ is a major concern

Answer 22

quality of life; 2/3 of older adults do not with to live to 100

Question 23

with age comes unavoidable deterioration in

Answer 23

physical, motor, and cognitive abilities

Question 24

the rate of deterioration in older age is influenced by

Answer 24

lifestyle; environment; culture; genetic factors; heredity and other psychosocial issues

Question 25

things that are contributing to the issue

Answer 25

Iatrogenic effects

Question 26

aging is a ____ process – biological, psychological, social

Answer 26

multidimensional

Question 27

describes how people function in the present is generally consistent with how they functioned in the past

Answer 27

continuity of development

Question 28

describes two patterns of change with aging

Answer 28

interindividual (ways that people differ from one another);

intraindividual (changes individuals experiences over time)

Question 29

describes age doesn’t always involve decline, there can also be new growth

Answer 29

improving with age: plasticity, training and learning

Question 30

key points regarding the dynamic interplay of growth and decline in later life

Answer 30

continuity of development; pattern of change with aging; compensation for decline; improving with age: plasticity and training

Question 31

describes the importance of the ability to compensate for decline

Answer 31

compensation for decline

Question 32

specific counseling issues in late adulthood

Answer 32

fear of (and actuality of) loss of power; prestige; independence