Ch 10: Early Adulthood Flashcards
Five key features that characterize emerging adulthood (early adulthood)
identity exploration, love and work; instability; self-focused; feeling in-between; the age of possibilities
identity exploration for early adulthood
key changes in identity take place for many individuals; what am i going to do, who will i be with
instability during early adulthood
residential changes peak, a time during which there is also instability in love, work and education; transitions
self-focused during early adulthood
in the sense that the have little in the way of obligations, duties, or commitments to others. this leaves them with a great deal of autonomy in running their own lives; control
feeling in-between during early adulthood
many emerging adults don’t consider themselves adolescents or full-fledged adults
the age of possibilities, a time when individuals have an opportunity to transform their lives in early adulthood
optimism about the future; after difficult times growing up, emerging adulthood presents an opportunity to chart a more positive course
A criticism of the concept of emerging adulthood would be..
that it applies mainly to privileged adolescents (limited see conditions can limit choices)
Erikson’s stage for early adulthood
Intimacy vs. isolation; deeper relationships
Physical development during early adulthood
peak years; excellent health, vigor and physical functioning at maximum; nothing seems impossible
Genetically influenced decline in the functions of organs and systems that are universal to all members of our species
Senescence
the internal sense of timing of physical and social events
age clock
Physical changes in early adulthood are ____ compared to childhood and adolescence
very slow; frontal lobes of the brain are fully developed
Mortality rates for early adulthood is typically very ___
low; time of good health
Some health issues that early adults face
testicular cancer, cervical cancer, hodgkin’s lymphoma, HIV/AIDS in underdeveloped countries
Early adulthood is a time when physical activity may ____
decrease; obesity is increasing; time spent at work and responsibilities decrease time spent doing exercise
T/F: Most early adults are cognitively capable of levels of reasoning expected for normal functioning in adult society
T; high level of problem solving, more abstract thinking, wide rage of differences in attainment
Schaie & Willis’ Stage Theory of Adult Cognitive Development
Acquisitive Stage Achieving Stage Responsible Stage Executive Stage Reorganizational Stage Reintegrative Stage Legacy Creating Stage
Encompasses all of childhood and adolescence; main developmental task is to acquire information
Acquisitive Stage
Intelligence is applied to specific situations involving attainment of long-term goals regarding careers, family, and societal contributions
Achieving Stage
Major concerns of middle-aged adults relate to their personal situations, including protecting and nourishing their spouses, families and careers
Responsible stage
Period in middle adulthood when people take broader perspective than earlier, including concern about the world
Executive Stage
Occurs past adulthood when adults enter retirement and need to reorganize their lives around activities not related to work
Reorganizational Stage
Period in late adulthood during which the focus in on tasks that have personal meaning
Reintegrative Stage
During the last stage of life when adults enjoy telling their stories and begin distributing their possessions
Legacy Creating Stage
theory that defines early adulthood as ages 17-45
Gevinson Theory of adult development
Novice phase (Levinson) entails 3 transition periods…
17-33; early adult transition (17-21), entering the adult world (22-28), and age-30 transition (28-33)
early adult transition stage (17-21) (notice phase)
working toward autonomy from parents and formulating a dream of what they hope to become in life; this dream guides choices in both occupational and personal spheres
entering the adult world (22-28) (notice phase)
forging a pathway at work and attaining a special personal relationship
age-30 transition (28-33) (novice phase)
reviewing dreams, the choices they have made, and problems in their lives; at this point, social and emotional development should be more under the person’s control
Gevinson Theory of Adult Development 2 stages
Novice Phase: early adult transition, entering the adult world, age-30 transition
Culminating Phase; settling down; midlife transition
Levinson’s culminating phase (33-45)
settling down (33-40); midlife transition (40-45)
social and emotional development during early adulthood
launching a career, romance, unemployment
Most in early adulthood are in Kohlberg’s ____ stage
conventional; believed that many people stop here and don’t move on to post conventional stage
moral development in early adulthood
conforming to stereotypical behaviors and values of their culture; most acts are done in an effort to belong to a group; respect for rules and laws is valued; authority figures are seldom questioned
Kohlberg believed that some individuals moved to _____ stage
post conventional; more global thinking and understanding
post conventional thinking
sometimes triggered by life crises; value dignity for all life; believing all individuals have natural or inalienable rights and liberties that come before societal needs; no set consequences for specific actions; reasons behind the action are considered for each individual person; freedom of the individual should be limited only when they take away/impose on others freedom
T/F: Erikson would say that having a firm sense of identity was critical to having successful intimate relationships
T; research shows that individuals who do not have satisfactory personal relationships tend to be more isolated, lonely and depressed
T/F: life starts to feel more serious as individuals approach age 30
T; at this mid-point some individuals see the need for a revision of their life span; this transition can be difficult and lead to depression
Most depression diagnoses are made in people from what age group
early adults
__ in __ women experience depression requiring treatment
1 in 4
__ in __ men experience depression requiring treatment
1 in 10; men may be less likely to seek treatment and more likely to attempt/complete suicide
the largest killer of men under age 40
suicide
How a person experiences his or her embodiment, since we all live embodied lives. Our personal relationship with our bodies
body image; a mental representation or map of our body against which we judge our external appearance
T/F: body image perception stays with the person for most of the person’s lifespan
T
Biggest rise in substance use is for ____
marijuana
Men have ___ rates of substance abuse than woman
higher
Rate of violence-related deaths in early adulthood are ___
high; motor vehicle crashes, suicide, homicide
theory that early relationships with parents/caregivers form the foundation for intimate relationships in early adulthood
attachment theory; early attachment shapes the brain, influencing self-esteem, expectations of others and ability to attract and maintain successful adult relationships
lifestyle options
staying single, cohabitation, marriage, family, separation and divorce, same sex-relationships
__% decrease in marriage between 1970 and 2010
50%
__% of people live together before they marry for the first time
60%/most
T/F: dual-career marriages experience more household stress
T; balancing multiple roles successfully can lead to higher self-esteem, feeling of independence, greater sense of fulfillment
T/F: married males live longer
T
only __% of households have children
32%; birthrate is 1.89 per woman
__% of children live in single-parent homes
26%; challenges faced by single parents: financial struggles, lack of free time, balancing work and parental responsibilities
worldwide divorce rate is __%; U.S. divorce rate is __%
4% worldwide; 8% U.S.
T/F: men are more likely to remarry and remarry sooner than woman
T
T/F: same sex couples tend to be more upbeat in the face of conflicts, use more affection and humor when in a disagreement, demonstrate more fairness and power-sharing
T
T/F: females tend to be more relational, often confiding their problems and feelings and to have friends with children the same age
T
T/F: men have friends with common interests and/or have friends from work
T
