Ch 9: Late Adolescence Flashcards
Main things with late adolescence (19-25)
brain is still developing (prefrontal cortex) and executive functioning is still developing; they are starting to question more and think more logically
Why is late adolescence called the peak potential years?
Best health during these years physically; reaction time and strength
What can be the downside of the late adolescent years?
Cognitively they are making critical long term decisions
Late adolescence is a phase of life full of ___
transition, decision making and uncertainty
Expectations as a late adolescence
assume adult responsibilities; make choices that will have long-term consequences; legally and socially considered adults, they are still developing biologically and cognitively
Physical activity is a predictor of making other healthy lifestyle choices. What are some of those?
Eating habits, substance use, sexual behavior, physical activity
Young adults need a minimum of ___ hours of moderate exercise a week
2.5
Most common health problems for late adolescents
asthma, diabetes, depression, hypertension, ulcers
__ in __ sexually active people will acquire an STD
1 in 2
Alcohol consumption among persons aged 12 to 20 contributes to the three leading causes of death among this age group in the U.S.; What are these?
Unintentional injury, homicide, suicide
These parts of the brain continue to develop and mature during late adolescents
lateral prefrontal lobe, parietal cortices, anterior cingulate cortex
Connections between the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system (emotional control) begin to disappear. What effect would this have on mood and impulsivity?
Better impulse control because more control over emotions and not immediately reacting due to being emotional; more rational thinking
T/F: late adolescents tend to not get enough sleep and that can affect decision making
T
Cognitive development expands from egocentrism to being ____
able to see multiple perspectives
T/F: Individuals start to understand the long-term implications of their decisions and also begin to see them as not so clear cut
T
Perry’s Theory of Epistemic Cognition
Individuals move from dualistic thinking (right or wrong, black or white) to relativistic thinking (possibility of multiple truths)
What is emotional competence?
managing emotions, impulse control
What is social competence?
being socially competent with a group and others
Which of Erikson’s stages of development are late adolescents in? What is the crisis?
Intimacy vs. isolation; developing deeper emotional connections/relationships
What does success lead to during Erikson’s intimacy vs. isolation stage? What does failure lead to?
success: healthy relationships; failure: isolation or unhealthy relationships
How does the earlier stage of identity vs. role confusion influence this stage?
If you don’t know yourself how will you be intimate on an emotional level with someone else
What can be the difference in the impact of peers from early to late adolescence?
less peer person and having deeper connections
What are the assumptions of social clock theory?
it is the typical order of events of life
What about individuals who don’t fit into the assumptions of the social clock theory?
They may feel stressed out or anxious about not fulfilling what they were “suppose to do” or they may not care
What is social clock theory?
the supposed typical order of events in life
Emotional development of late adolescents deals with
independent decision-making, without the scaffolding from parents; making choices totally on their own
Factors to consider during career development
natural/special talents or abilities; special environmental factors (SES, scholastic aptitude, marital-familial status)
T/F: success in career development positively impacts emotional development and self-esteem
T
T/F: In western society drinking is generally seen as a form of recreation and relaxation
T
T/F: Individuals who begin drinking before age of 14 are a high risk for development of alcohol abuse issues
T; the brain is still developing and is affected by substance use
T/F: substance use can have a negative effect on the still developing brain of a late adolescent
T; negative effects include: less gray matter in the areas related to behavioral inhibition, impulsivity, empathy, impaired executive functioning, higher risk of other addiction disorders
T/F: use of nonmusical prescription drug use at colleges and universities is on the rise
T; usually affects white, male greek, lower GPA individuals
When abusing drugs or alcohol individuals are more likely to engage in ____
risky behavior; DUI, promiscuity, unprotected sex, sexual assault, physical injury, death
T/F: the rate of heavy drinking episodes increases from high school to college
T
The act of consuming significant amounts of alcohol in a short span of time before even arriving at the main event
pregaming
counselors role in preventative intervention
identify, prioritize, and work on problems and recovery issues; develop specific skills, coping with cravings; refusal skills; coping with negative effects; improving interpersonal behaviors
T/F: having a high academic ethic and high achievement positively correlate with a smooth transition
T
African American mothers tend to be ___ involved than Caucasian mothers
more
African American females are ___ likely to be first generation
more
T/F a positive predictor of academic success the first semester or two of college is a rigorous high school curriculum
T; if you went to a high school who pushed you academically you did better; or having honors, advance placement places, dual enrollment
The stress of the transition to college can place individuals at risk for
mental illness or trigger a relapse
research shows that the rate of mental illness and suicide is ___ for individuals who are pursuing higher education that those who are not
higher
What are the three main categories of risky behaviors
(1) self-injurious (violence, suicide, underage drinking, DUI),
(2) substance use (illicit drug use, abuse of prescriptions and OTC drugs),
(3) risky sexual behavior (being sexually active at a young age, unprotected sex, multiple partners, sex while under the influence)
contributing factors for risky behavior
individual (low self-esteem, negative peer influence, peer rejection, low educational aspirations); familial (high levels of inter-parental conflict, violence, poor communication, lack of support); extra-familial (low see, negative school climate, unsafe neighborhoods)
Positive well-being in adolescence is associated with ____ psychological health and ____ risky behaviors in adulthood
positive; fewer
T/F: impulsivity is associated with disordered eating
T
____ therapy is the theoretical base most often used when treating adults with eating disorders
CBT
___ therapy seems most effective for adolescents with eating disorders
family therapy
outpatient care is ___ successful as inpatient care for those who did not require emergency services
AS successful; seems to be less occurrence of relapse with outpatient treatment
T/F: risky behavior and poor lifestyle choices in late adolescence often carry on into adulthood and are a factor in leading a less healthy life long-term
T; social medial as a way to engage individuals to consider healthy lifestyle choices is shown to increase academic and social development
The population of adolescents in the U.S. is becoming _____ racially/ethnically/culturally diverse
increasingly
__% of adolescents ages 10-19 are Hispanic or members of non-White groups
37%; projected to increase in the decades ahead
Culture diversity issues with late adolescents
period of exploring identity; and with minorities there can be more stress to find the balance between family traditions/cultures and their comfort level with acculturation
