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Human Development 2 > Ch 8: Early Adolescence > Flashcards

Ch 8: Early Adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

Puberty occurs around __ for males and around __ for females

A

12 - males

9.5 to 12 - females

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2
Q

Girls physical growth spurt is around age

A

10-11

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3
Q

Some causes of early onset of puberty are

A
  • genetic contributions

- environmental contributions (genetically modified foods, hormones in dairy products)

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4
Q

T/F: physical changes can be a source of empowerment or embarrassment

A

T

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5
Q

Secondary sex characteristics generally appear around age __ for boys

A

14

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6
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

growth of penis and testes, appearance of facial and body hair, changes in height and muscle development, depending of voice

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7
Q

Adolescent cognitive development

A

abstract thinking, hypothetical thinking, advanced information processing strategies, reflect on self, solving problems

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8
Q

T/F: adolescents are more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviors and at times show low impulse control and poor decision-making

A

T

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9
Q

T/F: the prefrontal cortex with its ability for executive function is still developing in adolescents

A

T

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10
Q

Social development of adolescents

A
  • transition from identifying with parents to peers
  • logical thinking and explanations
  • teen rebelling, detachment, conflict
  • egocentric thinking (more in terms of the world revolves around them)
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11
Q

T/F: adolescents have an extreme desire to fit in with a specific social group or any social group

A

T; can lead to stress, anxiety and depression

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12
Q

T/F: positive peer relationships are important for a sense of identity and belonging in adolescents

A

T

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13
Q

T/F: adolescents believe that their peers define them

A

T; sense of awareness about self depends on what others think of them in adolescents

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14
Q

T/F: romantic relationships do not occur in adolescents

A

F; sexuality is a continuum not black and white; attraction and relationships start to occur

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15
Q

Emotional development of adolescents

A

adolescents who grew up in unhealthy environments may have problems with attention and focus in school, engage in early sexual activity

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16
Q

The development, maintenance, and application of generalizable, internal standards of conduct for one’s behavior

A

moral development of adolescence

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17
Q

T/F: moral behavior is often connected to the emotions of empathy, kindness, sympathy, guilt, shame, and self-consciousness

A

T

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18
Q

Which Erickson’s stage is the adolescent in?; what is the crisis of this stage?

A

identity vs. role confusion; who and I and what role do I play

19
Q

adolescents who have not experienced an identity crisis and have not committed to an identity

A

identity confusion (usually a leader/popular kid)

20
Q

adolescents who have committed to an identity without exploring themselves

A

identity foreclosure (predetermined jobs; forced to do something)

21
Q

adolescents who have experienced numerous crises and try on many identities but have not committed to an identity

A

identity moratorium (stuck)

22
Q

adolescents who have experienced an identity crisis, have explored many aspects of their identities, and have committed to an identity

A

identity achievement (experiment and find a fit)

23
Q

many individuals reform their identities during late adolescence and adulthood

A

identity closure

24
Q

T/F: body image and weight management become very important concerns to adolescents

A

T; early adolescents is often when weight concerns and problematic eating habits develop

25
Q

Intentional and sustained restriction of caloric intake for the purposes of weight loss or weight maintenance

A

dieting; dieting itself is a risk factor for development of eating disorders

26
Q

Why do eating disorders occur in adolescents

A

negative mood; dealt with by binge eating; goes against unrealistic desire to be thin; leads to bulimia; starts cycle

27
Q

T/F: adolescents engage in more risk-taking behavior when in the presence of peers

A

T

28
Q

deliberate self-injury that is intentional and directly injures the body tissue without suicidal intent

A

non-suicidal self-injury tendencies (NSSI)

29
Q

___% of adolescents participate in NSSI (self harm)

A

15-30%

30
Q

self harm is more common among what gender

A

females

31
Q

females tend to __ where males tend to ___ for self harm

A

females - cutting, scratching

males - burning, branding

32
Q

motivation for self harm

A

alternative to suicide, to express displeasure with oneself, to feel control of a situation, to alleviate the tension of a negative mood, to incite an enjoyable mood

33
Q

behaviors that are intentional and cause psychological and or physical harm to the recipient

A

bulling behavior

34
Q

factors that contribute to being a bully

A

family hostility, low parental support, low teacher support, family physical discipline, atypical moral development, stress in other areas of life

35
Q

T/F: adults who teach nonviolent ways to handle stress and conflict can be a positive influence

A

T; adult interaction and support are important for the bully and the victim

36
Q

T/F: society encourages abstinence

A

T; fact is many adolescents are sexually active

37
Q

T/F: U.S. teen pregnancy and birth rates are among the highest in developed countries

A

T

38
Q

T/F: adolescence is a time of exploration and pushing limits – can include sexual activity

A

T; adults need to not only discourage sexual activity, but explain why and what the physical and emotional consequences could be; teach about contraception and safe sex

39
Q

T/F: U.S. ranks at the top for STD rates

A

T; Douglas County, NE is one of the highest STD rates in the country; EDUCATION IS KEY

40
Q

T/F: risk taking is more common among adolescents than older adults

A

T; can include binge drinking, tobacco use, criminal behavior; the need for excitement, fun, novel and intense sensations, peer pressure, status, modeling adult behavior

41
Q

Risk factors for risk taking behavior

A

poor family communication, peer pressure, lack of family support; parental involvement and positive peer support can be factors in dealign with risk taking behavior

42
Q

T/F: adolescents respond more to rewards than punishment

A

T

43
Q

T/F: Having a strong ethnic identity contributes to high self-esteem among minority adolescents

A

T

44
Q

T/F: during early adolescents there is a heightened awareness of social status and how groups of people are viewed by others

A

T

Human Development 2 (7 decks)

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