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MedTerm > Ch. 9- Respiratory System > Flashcards

Ch. 9- Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

alveol

A

alveolus (air sac)

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2
Q

bronch

bronchi

A

bronchus (airway)

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3
Q

bronchiol

A

bronchiole (little airway)

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4
Q

capn

carb

A

carbon dioxide

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5
Q

laryng

A

larynx (voice box)

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6
Q

lob

A

lobe (a portion)

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7
Q

nas

rhin

A

nose

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8
Q

or

A

mouth

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9
Q

ox

A

oxygen

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10
Q

palat

A

palate

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11
Q

pharyng

A

pharynx (throat)

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12
Q

phren

A

diaphragm (also mind)

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13
Q

pleur

A

pleura

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14
Q

pneum

pneumon

A

air or lung

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15
Q

pulmon

A

lung

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16
Q

sinus

A

sinus (cavity)

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17
Q

spir

A

breathing

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18
Q

thorac
pector
steth

A

chest

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19
Q

tonsill

A

tonsil (almond)

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20
Q

trache

A

trachea (windpipe)

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21
Q

uvul

A

uvula

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22
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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23
Q

sinuses

A

air-filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity

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24
Q

palate

A

partition between the oral and nasal cavities; divided into the hard and soft palate

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25
Q

pharynx

A

throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx

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26
Q

nasopharynx

A

part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages

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27
Q

oropharynx

A

central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis

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28
Q

laryngopharynx

A

lower part of the pharynx just below the oropharynx opening into the larynx and the esophagus

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29
Q

tonsils

A

oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx that filters air to protect the body from bacterial invasion

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30
Q

adenoid

A

lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose

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31
Q

uvula

A

small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate

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32
Q

larynx

A

voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea

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33
Q

glottis

A

opening between the vocal cords in the larynx

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34
Q

epiglottis

A

lid-like structure that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway

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35
Q

trachea

A

windpipe; passageway for air from the larynx to the area of the carina where it splits into the right and left bronchus

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36
Q

lobes

A

subdivisions of the lung,
2 on left
3 on the right

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37
Q

pleura

A

membranes enclosing the lung (visceral pleura)

and lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura)

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38
Q

pleural cavity

A

potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura

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39
Q

diaphragm

A

muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in respiration by moving up and down

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40
Q

mediastinum

A

partition that separates the thorax into two compartments and encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland

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41
Q

mucous membrane

A

thin sheets of tissue that line the respiratory passages and secrete mucus, a viscid fluid

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42
Q

cilia

A

hair-like processes from the surface of epithelial cells, such as those of the bronchi, that provide upward movement of mucus cell secretions

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43
Q

parenchyma

A

functional tissues of any organ such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs that perform respiration

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44
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

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45
Q

bradypnea

A

slow breathing

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46
Q

tachypnea

A

fast breathing

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47
Q

hypopnea

A

shallow breathing

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48
Q

hyperpnea

A

deep breathing

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49
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult breathing

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50
Q

apnea

A

inability to breath

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51
Q

orthopnea

A

ability to breath only in an upright position

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52
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea

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53
Q

crackles

rales

A

popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli- occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis

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54
Q

wheezes

rhonchi

A

high-pitched, musical sounds heard on auscultation of the lung as air flows through a narrowed airway- occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema

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55
Q

stridor

A

a high-pitched crowing sound that is a sign of obstruction in the upper airway

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56
Q

caseous necrosis

A

degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance

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57
Q

dysphonia

A

hoarseness

58
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

59
Q

expectoration

A

coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs

60
Q

sputum

A

material expelled from the lungs by coughing

61
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up and spitting out blood originating in the lungs

62
Q

hypercapnia

hypercarbia

A

excessive level of CO2 in the blood

63
Q

hyperventilation

A

excessive movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypocapnia

64
Q

hypoventilation

A

deficient movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypercapnia

65
Q

hypoxemia

A

deficient amount of O in the blood

66
Q

hypoxia

A

deficient amount of O in tissue cells

67
Q

obstructive lung disorder

A

condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs

68
Q

restrictive lung disorder

A

condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs

69
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid filling of the spaces around the alveoli, eventually flooding into the alveoli

70
Q

pulmonary infiltrate

A

density on an x-ray representing solid material within the air spaces of the lungs, usually indicating inflammatory changes

71
Q

rhinorrhea

A

thin, watery discharge from the nose

72
Q

asthma

A

panting; obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membrane, characterized by paroxysmal attacks of wheezing, dyspnea, and cough

73
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of lung tissue

74
Q

bronchiectasis

A

abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus

75
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

76
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

lung cancer

77
Q

bronchospasm

A

constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of the peribronchial smooth muscle

78
Q

emphysema

A

obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air, with destructive changes in the walls resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange

79
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema

80
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick, viscous mucus that obstructs passageways within the body, commonly affecting the lungs and digestive tract;mucus that obstructs the airways leads to infection, inflammation, and lung tissue damage

81
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

82
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)

A

inflammation of the upper airways with swelling that creates a funner-shaped elongation of tissue causing a distinct “seal bark” cough

83
Q

laryngospasm

A

spasm of laryngeal muscles causing constriction

84
Q

nasal polyposis

A

presence of numerous polyps in the nose

85
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx

86
Q

pleural effusion

A

accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity

87
Q

empyema

pyothorax

A

accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

88
Q

hemothorax

A

accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity

89
Q

pleuritis

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura

90
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dust such as coal, asbestos, or silicone

91
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation in the lung caused by infection from bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, or resulting from aspiration of chemicals

92
Q

pneumocystis pneumonia

A

pneumonia caused by the Pneumocystis carinii organism-

93
Q

pneumothorax

A

air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall

94
Q

pneumohemothorax

A

air and blood in the pleural cavity

95
Q

pneumonitis

A

inflammation of the lung often caused by hypersensitivity to chemicals or dust

96
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, most often caused by a blood clot

97
Q

pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)

A

disease caused by the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs characterized by the formation of tubercles, inflammation, and necrotizing caseous lesions

98
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of the sinuses

99
Q

sleep apnea

A

periods of breathing cessation that occur during sleep, often causing snoring

100
Q

tonsillitis

A

acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils

101
Q

upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx, and bronchi

102
Q

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

A

analysis of arterial blood to determine the adequacy of lung function in the exchange of gasses

103
Q

PaO2

A

partial pressure of O measuring the amount of O in the blood

104
Q

PaCO2

A

partial pressure of CO2 measuring the amount of CO2 in the blood

105
Q

endoscopy

A

examination of a body cavity with a flexible endoscope to examine within for diagnostic or treatment purposes

106
Q

bronchoscopy

A

use of a flexible endoscope, called a bronchoscope, to examine the airways

107
Q

nasopharyngoscopy

A

use of a flexible endoscope to examine the nasal passages and the pharynx to diagnose structural abnormalities such as obstructions, growths, and cancers

108
Q

lung biopsy

A

removal of a small piece of lung tissue for pathological examination

109
Q

lung scan

A

two-part nuclear scan of the lungs to detect abnormalities of perfusion or ventilation, commonly called a V/Q scan

110
Q

magnetic resonance image (MRI)

A

nonionizing image of the lung to visualize lung lesions

111
Q

polysomnography (PSG)

A

recording of various aspects of sleep for diagnosis of sleep disorders

112
Q

auscultation

A

to listen; physical examination method of listening to the sounds within the body with the aid of a stethoscope,

113
Q

percussion

A

physical examination method of tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity such as the chest

114
Q

pulmonary function testing (PFT)

A

direct and indirect measurements of lung volumes and capacities

115
Q

spirometry

A

portion of pulmonary function testing that is a direct measurement of lung volume and capacity

116
Q

tidal volume (TV)

A

amount of air exhaled after a normal inspiration

117
Q

vital capacity (VC)

A

amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration

118
Q 
peak flow (PF)
peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)
A

measure of the fastest flow of exhaled air after a maximal inspiration

119
Q

pulse oximetry

A

noninvasive method of estimating the percentage of O saturation in the blood using an oximeter with a specialized probe attached to the skin at a site of arterial pulsation, used to monitor hypoxemia

120
Q

radiology

A

x-ray imaging

121
Q

chest x-ray

A

x-ray image of the chest to visualize the lungs

122
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

computed x-ray imaging of the head is used to visualize the structures of the nose and sinuses

123
Q

pulmonary angiography

A

x-ray of the blood vessels of the lungs after injection of contrasting material

124
Q

adenoidectomy

A

excision of the adenoids

125
Q

lobectomy

A

removal of a lobe of a lung

126
Q

nasal polypectomy

A

removal of a nasal polyp

127
Q

pneumonectomy

A

removal of an entire lung

128
Q

thoracentesis

A

puncture for aspiration of the chest

129
Q

thoracoplasty

A

repair of the chest involving fixation of the ribs

130
Q

thoracoscopy

A

endoscopic examination of the pleural cavity using a thoracoscope

131
Q

thoracostomy

A

creation of an opening in the chest usually for insertion of a tube

132
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision into the chest

133
Q

tonsillectomy

A

excision of the palatine tonsils

134
Q

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

A

excision of the tonsils and adenoids

135
Q

tracheostomy

A

creation of an opening in the trachea, most often to insert a tube

136
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision into the trachea

137
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

method of artificial respiration and closed chest massage used to restore breathing and cardiac output after cardiac arrest

138
Q

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

device that pumps a constant pressurized flow of air through the nasal passages, commonly used during sleep to prevent airway closure in sleep apnea

139
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

passage of a tube into the trachea via the nose or mouth to open the airway for delivering gas mixtures to the lungs

140
Q

incentive spirometry

A

common postoperative breathing therapy using a specialized designed spirometer to encourage the patient to inhale and repeatedly sustain an inspiratory volume to exercise the lungs and prevent pulmonary complications

141
Q

mechanical ventilation

A

mechanical method performed by a respiratory therapist to provide assisted breathing using a ventilator

142
Q

expectorant

A

drug that breaks up mucus and promotes coughing

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