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MedTerm > Ch. 10-Nervous System > Flashcards

Ch. 10-Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

arthr

A

articulation

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2
Q

cerebell

A

cerebellum (little brain)

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3
Q

cerebr

A

cerebrum (largest part of brain)

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4
Q

crani

A

skull

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5
Q

encephalo

A

entire brain

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6
Q

esthesi

A

sensation

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7
Q

gangli

A

ganglion (knot)

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8
Q

gli

A

glue

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9
Q

gnos

A

knowing

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10
Q

hypn

somn

A

sleep

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11
Q

kinesi

A

movement

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12
Q

lex

A

word or phrase

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13
Q

mening

A

meninges (membranes)

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14
Q

myelo

A

spinal cord or bone marrow

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15
Q

narco

A

stupor, sleep

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16
Q

neuro

A

nerve

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17
Q

phas

A

speech

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18
Q

phob

A

exaggerated fear or sensitivity

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19
Q

phor

A

carry or bear

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20
Q

phren
psych
thym

A

mind

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21
Q

schiz

A

split

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22
Q

somato

A

body

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23
Q

spin

A

spine

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24
Q

spondyl

vertebr

A

vertebra

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25
Q

stere

A

3D or solid

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26
Q

tax

A

order or coordination

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27
Q

thalam

A

thalamus

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28
Q

ton

A

tone or tension

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29
Q

top

A

place

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30
Q

cata

A

down

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31
Q

asthenia

A

weakness

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32
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

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33
Q

-mania

A

condition of abdominal impulse toward

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34
Q

-paresis

A

slight paralysis

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35
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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36
Q

corpus callosum

A

bridge of nerve fibers between halves of cerebrum

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37
Q

frontal lobe

A

voluntary muscle movement and personality

38
Q

parietal lobe

A

sensations of pain, temp, and touch

39
Q

temporal

A

hearing, taste, smell

40
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

41
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outer layer of cerebrum, grey matter, higher mental function

42
Q

thalamus

A

2 grey matter nuclei deep win the brain, relay sensory info to the cortex

43
Q

cerebellum

A

responsible for control and coordination of skeletal muscles

44
Q

Brainstem

A

breathing, heart rate, body temp

3 levels: Mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata

45
Q

ventricles

A

interconnected cavities win the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem filled w cerebrospinal fluid

46
Q

Cerebralspinal fluid

A

palsma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord

47
Q

sensory nerves

A

conduct impulses from body parts and carry sensory info to the brain (afferent nerves)

48
Q

motor nerves

A

conduct info from brain to muscles and glands (efferent)

49
Q

hypothalamus

A

control center for ANS

50
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

division of ANS that prepares body for stressful or emergency situations

51
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

division of ANS most active in ordinary situations

52
Q

aphasia

A

w/o speech

53
Q

dysathria

A

difficult articulation, speech impairments

54
Q

dysphasia

A

difficulty speaking

55
Q

neuralgia

A

pain along the course of a nerve

56
Q

syncope

A

fainting

57
Q

hyperesthesia

A

increased sensitivity to stimuli

58
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling w/o objective cause

59
Q

agnosia

A

any of many types of loss of neurological function associated w interpretation of sensory info

60
Q

astereognosis

A

inability to judge the form of an object by touch

61
Q

atopognosis

A

inability to locate a sensation properly

62
Q

AMyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle control.

63
Q

cerebral palsy (CP)

A

condition of motor dysfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth, partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination

64
Q

cerebral atherosclerosis

A

lipid buildup w/in blood of the brain

65
Q

Cerebrovascular accident stroke (CVA)

A

damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease

66
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain usually caused by a partial occlusion resulting in temporary neurological deficit

67
Q

carotid TIA

A

ischemia of the anterior circulation of the brain

68
Q

vertebrobasilar TIA

A

ischemia of the posterior circulation of the brain

69
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

70
Q

Huntington chorea

A

characterized by bizarre involuntary body movements and progressive dementia

71
Q

hydrocephalus

hydrocephaly

A

abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the b=ventricles of the brain, developmental abnormalities, infection, injury, or tumor

72
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

disease of the CNS characterized by the demyelination of nerve fibers w episodes of neurological dysfunction

73
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscluar junction, causing a progressive decrease in muscle strength w activity and a return of strength after a period of rest

74
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

75
Q

Parkinson disease

A

progressive degeneration of an area of the brainstem resulting in a decrease of dopamine, tremor, rigidity of muscles, and slow movement

76
Q

plegia

A

paralysis

77
Q

poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus

78
Q

polyneuritis

A

inflammation involving 2 or more nerves, often due to malnutrition

79
Q

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD)

A

abnormal function of the sympathetic nervous system in response to pain perception usually as a result of injury to an extremity, persistent burning pain, tissue edema, joint tenderness, change in skin color and temp, can lead to muscle atrophy and loss of motor function

80
Q

spinal bifida

A

congenital defect in the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches, often resulting in pouching of spinal membranes or tissue

81
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

record of the minute electrical impulses of the brain used to identif neurological conditions that affect brain function and level of consciousness

82
Q

evoke potentials

A

record of minute electrical potentials that are extracted from ongoing EEG activity to diagnose auditory, visual, and sensory pathway disorders

83
Q

nerve conduction velocity (NCV)

A

electrical shock of peripheral nerves to record time of conduction; used to diagnose various peripheral nervous system diseases

84
Q

polysomnography (PSG)

A

recording of various aspects of sleep to diagnose sleep disorders

85
Q

SPECT brain scan

A

scan combining nuclear medicine and computed tomography technology to produce images of the brain after administration of radioactive isotopes

86
Q

Positron Emission tomography (PET)

A

combination of nuclear med and computed tomography technology

87
Q

Babinski sign or reflex

A

response to stimulation of the plantar surface of the foot; a positive sign is indicated when the toes dorsiflex (up)

88
Q

laminectomy

A

excision of 1 or more laminae of the vertebrae (flattened portion of the vertebral arch) to approach the spinal cord

89
Q

spondylosyndesis

A

spinal fusion

90
Q

neurosis

A

anxiety is prominent

91
Q

dysthymia

A

milder affective disorder, chronic depression persisting for at least 2 yrs

MedTerm (9 decks)

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