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MedTerm > Ch. 6- Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Ch. 6- Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Ankyl

A

crooked or stiff

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2
Q

Arthr

Articul

A

joint (articulation)

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3
Q

brachi

A

arm

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4
Q

cervic

A

neck

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5
Q

Chondro

A

cartilage (gristle)

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6
Q

costo

A

rib

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7
Q

cranio

A

skull

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8
Q

dactyl

A

digit (finger or toe)

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9
Q

fascio

A

fascia (a band)

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10
Q

femor

A

femur

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11
Q

fibr

A

fiber

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12
Q

kypho

A

humpback

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13
Q

lei

A

smooth

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14
Q

lord

A

bent

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15
Q

lumb

A

loin (lower back)

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16
Q

myelo

A

bone marrow or spinal cord

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17
Q

my
myos
muscul

A

muscle

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18
Q

oste

A

bone

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19
Q

patell

A

knee cap

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20
Q

pelvi

pelvo

A

hip bone or pelvic cavity

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21
Q

radi

A

radius

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22
Q

rhabd

A

rod shaped or striated (skeletal)

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23
Q

sarco

A

flesh

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24
Q

scoli

A

twisted

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25
Q

spondylo

vertebro

A

vertebra

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26
Q

stern

A

sternum (breastbone)

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27
Q

ten
tend
tendin

A

tendon

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28
Q

thorac

A

chest

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29
Q

ton

A

tone or tension

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30
Q

uln

A

ulna

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31
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

bones of shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities

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32
Q

axial skeleton

A

bones of skull, vertebral column, chest, and hyoid bone.

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33
Q

bone

A

specialized connective tissue composed of osteocytes (bone cells) forming the skeleton.

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34
Q

compact bone

A

tightly solid, strong bone tissue resistant to bending

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35
Q

spongy (cancellous) bone

A

mesh-like bone tissue containing marrow and fine branching canals through which blood vessels run.

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36
Q

long bone

A

bones of arms and legs

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37
Q

short bone

A

bones of wrist and ankles

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38
Q

flat bones

A

bones of ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull

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39
Q

irregular bones

A

bones of vertebrae and face

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40
Q

sesamoid bones

A

round bones found near joints

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41
Q

epiphysis

A

wide ends of long bone (physis= growth)

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42
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of a long bone

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43
Q

metaphysis

A

growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis during development of a long bone

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44
Q

endosteum

A

membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone

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45
Q

medullary cavity

A

cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow

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46
Q

bone marrow

A

soft connective tissue within the medullary cavity of bones

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47
Q

red bone marrow

A

found in cavities of most bones in infants; functions in formation of red blood cells, some white blood cells, and platelets;
in adults, red bone marrow is found most often in the flat bones

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48
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones, functions as storage for fat tissue, and is inactive in formation of blood cells

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49
Q

periosteum

A

a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone

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50
Q

articular cartilage

A

a gristle-like substance found on bones where they articulate.

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51
Q

bursa

A

a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid

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52
Q

disk

A

a flat, plate like structure composed of fibrocartilaginous tissue found between the vertebrae to reduce friction

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53
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

the soft, fibrocartilaginous, central portion of intervertebral disk

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54
Q

ligament

A

a flexible band of fibrous tissue tat connects bone to bone

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55
Q

synovial membrane

A

membrane lining the capsule of a joint

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56
Q

synovial fluid

A

lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane

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57
Q

striated (skeletal) muscle

A

voluntary striated muscle attached to the skeleton

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58
Q

smooth muscle

A

involuntary muscle found in internal organs

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59
Q

origin of a muscle

A

muscle end attached to the bone that does not move when muscle contracts

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60
Q

insertion of a muscle

A

muscle end attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts

61
Q

tendon

A

a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone

62
Q

fascia

A

a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle

63
Q

coronal (frontal) plane

A

vertical division of the body into front and back portions

64
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical division of the body into right and left portions

65
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal division of body into upper and lower portions

66
Q

decubitus

A

lying down, especially in bed

67
Q

prone

A

lying face down and flat

68
Q

recumbent

A

lying down

69
Q

supine

A

horizontal recumbent; lying flat on the back (on the spine)

70
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the body

71
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the body

72
Q

eversion

A

turning outward

73
Q

inversion

A

turning inward

74
Q

supination

A

turning upward or forward of the palmar surface

75
Q

pronation

A

turning downward or back of the palmar suface

76
Q

goniometer

A

instrument used to measure joint angles

77
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

78
Q

crepitation

crepitus

A

grating sound made by movement of some joints or broken bones

79
Q

exostosis

A

a projection arising from a bone that develops from cartilage

80
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase the size of tissue such as muscle

81
Q

hypotonia

A

reduced muscle tone or tension

82
Q

myalgia

myodynia

A

muscle pain

83
Q

ostealgia

osteodynia

A

bone pain

84
Q

spasm

A

drawing in; involuntary contraction of muscle

85
Q

spastic

A

uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles causing stiff and awkward movements

86
Q

tetany

A

tension; prolonged, continuous muscle contration

87
Q

tremor

A

shaking; rhythmic muscular movement

88
Q

ankylosis

A

stiff joint condition

89
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of the joints characterized by pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and limitation of motion

90
Q

osteoarthritis (OA)

A

most common form of arthritis that especially affects weight-bearing joins; characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage

91
Q

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

most crippling form of arthritis characterized by a chronic, systemic inflammation most often affecting joints and synovial membranes, causing ankylosis and deformity

92
Q

gouty arthritis

A

acute attacks of arthritis usually in a single joint caused by hyperuricemia

93
Q

bony necrosis

sequestrum

A

dead bone tissue from loss of blood supply

94
Q

bunion

A

swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflammation of the bursa

95
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

condition that results from compression of the medial nerve w/in the carpal tunnel at the wrist

96
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of cartilage

97
Q

epiphysitis

A

inflammation of epiphyseal region of the long bone

98
Q

closed fracture

A

a broken bone w no open wound

99
Q

open fracture

A

compound fracture; a broken bone w an open wound

100
Q

complex fracture

A

a displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery to repair

101
Q

simple fracture

A

a non-displaced fracture involving one fracture line that does not require extensive treatment to repair

102
Q

comminuted fracture

A

broken in many little pieces

103
Q

greenstick fracture

A

bending and incomplete break of a bone- most often seen in children

104
Q

myeloma

A

bone marrow tumor

105
Q

myositis

A

inflammation of muscle

106
Q

myoma

A

muscle tumor

107
Q

leiomyoma

A

smooth muscle tumor

108
Q

leiomyosarcoma

A

malignant smooth muscle tumor

109
Q

rhabdomyoma

A

skeletal muscle tumor

110
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma

A

malignant skeletal muscle tumor

111
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

a category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles

112
Q

osteoma

A

bone tumor

113
Q

osteosarcoma

A

malignant bone tumor

114
Q

osteomalacia

A

disease marked by softening of the bone caused by Ca and VitD deficiency

115
Q

rickets

A

osteomalacia in children

116
Q

osteomyelitis

A

infection of bone and bone marrow causing inflammation

117
Q

osteoporosis

A

condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity, causing bones to become brittle and liable to fracture

118
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback condition)

119
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine

120
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (S-shaped curve)

121
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra

122
Q

spondylosis

A

stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae due to joint degeneration

123
Q

sprain

A

injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma, but without joint dislocation or fracture

124
Q

subluxation

A

a partial dislocation (luxation= dislocation)

125
Q

electromyogram (EMG)

A

a neurodiagnostic graphic record of the electrical activity of muscle at rest and during contraction to diagnose neuromusculoskeletal disorders

126
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

a nonionizing imaging technique using magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves

127
Q

nuclear medicine

A

ionizing imaging technique using radioactive isotopes

128
Q

radionuclide organ imaging (bone scan)

A

radionuclide image of bone tissue to detect tumor malignancy

129
Q

radiography (x-ray)

A

x-ray imaging, an ionizing technique commonly used in orthopedics

130
Q

arthrogram

A

an x- ray of a joint taken after injection of a contrasting medium

131
Q

diskogram

A

an x-ray of an intervertebral disk after injection of a contasting medium

132
Q

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

A

an x-ray scan that measures bone mineral density to diagnose osteoporosis, indicated by T score- amount of bone mass of the patient compared to that of a normal young adult

133
Q 
computed tomography (CT)
computed axial tomography (CAT)
A

a specialized x-ray procedure procession a series of cross-sectional images that are processed by a computer into a 2D or 3D image

134
Q

sonography

A

ultrasound imaging, nonionizing technique

135
Q

arthrocentesis

A

puncture for aspiration of a joint

136
Q

arthrodesis

A

binding or fusing of joint surfaces

137
Q

arthroplasty

A

repair or reconstruction of a joint

138
Q

arthroscopy

A

procedure using an arthroscope to examine, diagnose, and repair a joint from w/in

139
Q

myoplasty

A

repair of muscle

140
Q

open reduction, internal fixation (ORIF) of a fracture

A

internal surgical repair of a fracture by bringing banes back into alignment and fixing them into place, using plates, screws, pins

141
Q

osteoplasty

A

repair of bone

142
Q

osteotomy

A

an incision into bone

143
Q

spondylosyndesis

A

spinal fusion

144
Q

tenotomy

A

division by incision of a tendon to repair a deformity caused by shortening of a muscle

145
Q

closed reduction, external fixation of a fracture

A

external manipulation of a fracture to regain alignment along w application of an external device to protect and hold the bone in place while healing

146
Q

traction (Tx)

A

application of a pulling force to a fractured bone or dislocated joint to maintain proper position during healing

147
Q

closed reduction, percutaneous fixation of a fracture

A

external manipulation of a fracture to align, followed by insertion of one or more pins through the skin to maintain position- often includes use of an external device called a fixator to keep the fracture immobilized during healing

148
Q

orthosis

A

use of an orthopedic appliance to maintain a bone’s position or provide limb support

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