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MedTerm > Ch. 7- Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Ch. 7- Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

angi
vas
vascul

A

vessel

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2
Q

ather

A

fatty (lipid) paste

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3
Q

cardi

A

heart

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4
Q

coron

A

circle or crown

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5
Q

my

A

muscle

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6
Q

pector

steth

A

chest

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7
Q

sphygm

A

pulse

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8
Q

thrombo

A

clot

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9
Q

ven

phleb

A

vein

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10
Q

varic

A

swollen, twisted vein

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11
Q

ventricul

A

ventricle (belly or pouch)

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12
Q

endocardium

A

membrane lining th cavities of the heart

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13
Q

epicardium

A

membrane forming the outer layer of the heart

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14
Q

myocardium

A

heart muscle

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15
Q

pericardium

A

protective sac enclosing the heart composed of two layers with fluid between them

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16
Q

parietal pericardium

A

outer layer (parietal=pertaining to wall)

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17
Q

pericardial cavity

A

fluid-filled cavity between the pericardial layers

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18
Q

visceral pericardium

A

layer closest to the heart

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19
Q

aortic valve

A

heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

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20
Q

mitral or bicuspid valve

A

heart valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

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21
Q

pulmonary semilunar valve

A

heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

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22
Q

tricuspid valve

A

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

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23
Q

diastole

A

to expand, period in the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria

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24
Q

systole

A

to contract

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25
Q

normotension

A

normal blood pressure

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26
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure

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27
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

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28
Q

sinoatrial node (SA node)

A

the pacemaker; highly specialized neurological tissue, embedded in the wall of the right atrium, responsible for initiating electrical conduction of the heartbeat, causing the atria to contract and firing conduction of impulses to the AV node

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29
Q

atrioventriclular node (AV node)

A

neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His.

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30
Q

bundle of His

A

neurological fibers, extending from the AV node to the right and left bundle branches, that fire the impulse from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers

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31
Q

purkinje fibers

A

fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles, causing them to contract

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32
Q

polarization

A

resting; resting state of a myocardial cell

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33
Q

depolarization

A

change of a myocardial cell from a polarized state to a state of contraction

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34
Q

repolarization

A

recharging the myocardial cell from a contracted state back to a resting state

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35
Q

normal sinus rhythm (NSR)

A

regular rhythm of the heart cycle stimulated by the SA node

36
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of the arterial walls

37
Q

atherosclerosis

A

buildup of fatty substances within the walls of arteries

38
Q

atheromatous plaque

A

a swollen area within the lining of an artery caused by buildup of fat

39
Q

thrombus

A

a stationary blood clot

40
Q

embolus

A

a clot carried in the bloodstream that obstructs when it lodges

41
Q

stenosis

A

condition of a part

42
Q

occlusion

A

plugging; obstruction or closing off

43
Q

ischemia

A

to hold back blood; decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel

44
Q

perfusion deficit

A

a lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by narrowing, occlusion, ect

45
Q

infarct

A

to stuff; a localized area of necrosis caused by ischemia as a result of occlusion of a blood vessel

46
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygenated blood to heart muscle often caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries

47
Q

aneurysm

A

a widening; bulging of the wall of the heart, the aorta, or an artery caused by congenital defect or acquired weakness

48
Q

saccular

A

a sac-like bulge on one side

49
Q

fusiform

A

a spindle-shaped bulge

50
Q

dissecting

A

a split or tear of the vessel wall

51
Q

claudication

A

to limp; pain in a limb while walking that subsides after rest; it is caused by inadequate blood supply

52
Q

diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating

53
Q

palpitation

A

subjective experience of pounding, skipping, or racing heartbeat

54
Q

vegetation

A

to grow; an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally a result of an infection such as bacterial endocarditis

55
Q

fibrillation

A

chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart

56
Q

flutter

A

extremely rapid but regular contractions of the heart

57
Q

heart block

A

an interference with the normal electrical conduction of the heart defined by the location of the block

58
Q

premature ventricular contraction (PVC)

A

a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node

59
Q

arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD)

A

a degenerative conduction of the arteries characterized by thickening of the inner lining, loss of elasticity, and susceptibility to rupture

60
Q

bacterial endocarditis

A

a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves

61
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart

62
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

a general term for disease of the heart muscle

63
Q

congenital anomaly of the heart

A

malformations of the heart present at birth

64
Q

atrial septal defect (ASD)

A

an opening in the septum separating the atria

65
Q

coarctation of the aorta

A

narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body

66
Q

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

A

an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by the failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth

67
Q

tetralogy of Fallot

A

an anomaly that consists of four defects:
pulmonary stenosis,
ventricular septal defect,
malposition of the aorta,
and right ventricular hypertrophy-
causes blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation so that deoxygenated blood goes into the systemic circulation, resulting in cyanosis

68
Q

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

A

an opening in the septum separating the ventricles

69
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

-left ventricular failure

A

failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a bottleneck of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body

70
Q

cor pulmonale

-right ventricular failure

A

a condition of enlargement of the right ventricle as a result of chronic disease within the lungs that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs

71
Q

coronary artery disease

A

a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium- most often caused by atherosclerosis

72
Q

hypertension

A

persistently high blood pressure

73
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

74
Q

myocardial infraction

A

heart attack; death of myocardial tissue owing to loss of blood flow as a result of an occlusion of a coronary artery- usually caused by atherosclerosis

75
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the myocardium most often caused by viral or bacterial infection

76
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium

77
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

78
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever

79
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation

80
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves, most often seen in the legs

81
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most often in the femoral and iliac veins

82
Q

auscultation

A

a physical examination method of listening to sounds within the body with the aid of a stethoscope

83
Q

bruit

A

noise; an abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulence within

84
Q

gallop

A

an abnormal heart sounds that mimics the gait of a horse

85
Q

electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

an electrical picture of the heart represented by positive and negative deflections on a graph labeled with the letters P Q R S T corresponding to events of the cardiac cycle

86
Q

intracardiac electrophysiological study

A

invasive procedure involving placement of catheter-guided electrodes within the heart to evaluate and map the electrical conduction of cardiac arrhythmias

MedTerm (9 decks)

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