Ch 9. International Sport Flashcards
What is global strategy?
creating products with the same appeal and that generate the same demand in all corners of the world
How do you increase the popularity of your sport globally?
- broadcasting
- merchandising
- playing exhibition and regular season games
- marketing foreign athletes
- sport tourism
What occurred in 776 B.C.?
there was some sort of organized competition of groups against each other
What happened on June 23, 1894?
Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC)
When and where were the first modern summer Olympic Games held?
1896 in Athens, Greece
When and where were the first modern winter Olympic games held?
1942 in Chamonix, France
When are the Paralympics held?
in the host city of the summer or winter games two weeks after the Olympics
Who governs the Paralympic Games?
IOC
What is one obligation for the host cities of the Olympic Games?
they must host the Paralympic Games along with the Olympic Games
What is the International Olympic Committee (IOC)?
an international, nonprofit, nongovernmental organization comprised of volunteers
How many members are apart of the IOC?
100 members with 65 men and 35 women
Who are the members of the IOC?
heads of state, former Olympians, and royalty
Where is the IOC headquartered?
in Switzerland
What is the fundamental principles of Olympism?
promoting a peaceful society with the preservation of human dignity
Who does the IOC support financially?
International Federations and National Olympic Committees
What are international federations?
non-governmental organizations administering a specific sport at the global level
What are some examples of international federations?
World Athletics, ITF (International Tennis Association), and FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association)
What are the five new sports for the 2028 Olympics?
baseball/softball, flag football, cricket, squash, and lacrosse
What are national olympic committees?
countries who develop, promote and protect the integrity of the Olympic movement in their countries
How many national olympic committees are there?
206
What are the National Olympic Committees responsible for?
athlete selection and development
a line that I cannot see
What are the revenue sources for the IOC?
broadcast contracts, TOP program marketing rights, merchandise licensing, and ticket sales
What percentage of IOC revenue comes from broadcasting rights?
75%
How long is the Olympic city awarding process?
10 years
During the awarding process, what happens between years 1-3?
The National Olympic Committees submit potential cities, these committees attend conferences, workshops, and site visits, attend the Olympic Observer programme, and present presentations for the IOC members to vote
During the awarding process, what happens between years 4-10?
the cities build and execute the Olympic Games
What can occur during years 4-10? What can change?
economy, environment, political atmosphere, legal issues, etc.
Once the games are awarded, who manages their execution?
the Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (OCOG)
What does the Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (OCOG) comprise of?
members of that country, the President and Secretary General of the National Olympic Committee, public authorities, and leading figures
What are the main responsibilities of the OCOG?
solve transportation problems
lodge athletes and officials
create the required venues, stadiums, and equipment
How much does it cost to host an Olympic Game?
15 - 25 billion dollars
In the case of budget shortfall, who covers the remaining cost of the games?
the OCOG which is backed by the state government
In the modern games, has there ever been a city that has not gone over budget?
NO
What is the minimum expenditure of the OCOG?
5 billion dollars but it is often 15-25 billion
How much revenue does the Olympic Games bring in?
3-6 billion dollars
What has the IOC done to reverse the spending trend?
released new guidelines in 2015 called the “Agenda 2020” which states:
- cities can now make 3 presentations instead of 9
- not responsible for the IOC representative travel
- allows candidate cities to dictate terms
- increased the IOC contribution to 1.7 billion dollars
Why did Rome, Italy and Boston, MA withdraw from the Olympic bidding?
the citizens of the cities realized that the government can do much more with the money than host a game; people started protesting that it will increase taxes
Why did the International Olympic Committee start awarding cities instead of hearing bids?
they feared no country/city would want to bid on the games anymore; the IOC awarded the 2023 Olympics to Brisbane, Australia
What are some other current issues surrounding he Olympics?
intersex/transgender athletes, terroism, Covid-19 (pandemic), world politics, doping, sustainability of venues
