Ch 1. History of Sport Management Flashcards
What country is considered the birthplace of sport management and why?
England because of how powerful the British were in the 18th and 19th century
What are the three building blocks of sport management?
clubs, leagues, and pro tournaments
Why did structure grow in sport management?
It was to respond and address broad social issues.
What are the two main premises of sport management?
Honestly and Inclusion
In historic settings, who controlled clubs?
the most powerful in society
Why were clubs created?
born out of a need to control “honest play” and to collectively oversee a sport
Why did thoroughbred racing exists?
for entertainment only; no financial gain. competitors competed for prestige
What was the audience like for thoroughbred racing?
a broad and diverse audience due to no admission price
Why did thoroughbred racing need a more complex club system?
the desire of owners to breed & train fast horses and the increasing complexity of gambling (lots of cheating)
Who created thoroughbred racing?
British nobles
How did thoroughbred racing become nationally popular?
when the national rail system began in the 1830s
Why was thoroughbred racing gambling a good thing?
provided entertainment, tangible evidence of horses’ ability, and ensured honest competition
What happens when people start betting on sports?
they start to watch sports more frequently because their enjoyment increases
What are the downsides of sport betting?
loss of Fan Code of Conduct (arguments, fights, depression)
What was the first club?
The Jockey Club which was established in 1750
What were the responsibilities of the Jockey Club?
- make rules
- determine who is eligible to play
- designate officials
- regulate breeding
- punish rule breakers
- settle disputes
What other clubs emerged to control other sports?
Marylebone Cricket Club and the Pugilist
Society (boxing)
What was William Hulbert’s main contribution?
created the national league of baseball
What was William Hulbert’s belief?
teams would enjoy stability and success if they run like businesses
What does William Hulbert’s legacy include?
- strict rules for leagues (no illegal cooperation) and forced teams to assume risk (required to finish a season so owners aren’t money hungry)
- prohibited betting, selling beer, Sunday plays, and hooligans
- set higher ticket prices
- mandated league set game schedule
- required clean image for players; created “pennant race” (series of games)
- kept league small
- limited player transfers
- created revenue sharing among teams
What of Hulbert’s principles do modern leagues till use?
- revenue sharing
- higher ticket prices
- weighted drafts (lottery)
- player contracts
- Player and Fan Codes of Conduct
What is a “Fan Code of Conduct”?
respecting players on the field (no throwing objects), no intoxication at games, and respecting other fans
What was the tipping point for modern major leagues to develop a Fan Code of Conduct?
the Malice in the Palace that occurred on the NBA court in 2004
Who bears the responsibility of “managing” Fan Conduct?
fans but sport teams usually take the blame for it
What are the main examples of Professional Tournament Sports?
golf and tennis
Who was Fred Corcoran?
the architect of the golf tournament who created a financially “self-sufficient” golf event
How did Fred Corcoran explain golf?
it operates “upside down” (creates facilities for an average person so anyone has the opportunity to play the game)
How do golf and tennis tournaments make money?
from sponsorships (NOT TICKET SALES)
Why did Fred Corcoran use athletes and golf tournaments?
he wanted to sell advertising space to the public so there is less of a dependence on ticket sales
Who gained exposure to the golf tournaments?
EVERYONE! (celebrities, politicians, townspeople, charities, etc.)
What did Bing Crosby and Bob hope do?
created charity golf tournaments in pro-am format for World War II fundraising
Golf and tennis usually have strong ties who what business?
charities (tax deductions, volunteers, donations, community support)
What was the tipping point for Professional Tournament Sports (golf and tennis)?
In the 1950s, tournaments were called by the name of their corporate sponsors
Who else can create professional tournaments?
Marketing agencies. Have created the X-Games, Alli Drew Tour, Orlando Classic basketball tournament, etc.
What are the tournaments created by marketing agencies usually called and what are their advantages?
“made-for TV” tournaments where you do not have to pay anything and gives more entertainment content
