Ch. 9 Covalent Bonding Flashcards
Covalent bond
When sharing of electrons occurs, the attachment between atoms that results
Exothermic
When an attachment is formed, bond dissociation energy is released
Molecule
When tow or more atoms bond by means of electron sharing the resulting particle
Sigma bond
The attachment of electrons shared are centered between the two atoms
Pi bond
The attachment that involves the sharing the overlap of parallel orbitals
In what form do elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen normally occur?
As molecules containing two atoms
How many electrons are shared in a double covalent bond ?
4
Bond length is the distance between ______
The nuclei of two attached atoms
Bond length
The shorter the bond the stronger the bond
True or false ?
Binary molecular compound are generally composed of a metal and a nonmetal
False
True or false ?
The second element in the formula of a binary compound is named using the suffix - ite
False
True or false ?
The prefix - tetra indicates three Atoms
False
True or false ?
Prefix hexa indicates six atoms
True
True or false ?
Naming the first element in a formula the prefix mono is not used
True
True or false ?
For binary acids the hydrogen part of the compound is named using the prefix hydro
True
True or false ?
An oxyacid contains only two elements
False
True or false ?
The name of the anion of an oxyacid ends in - ate ,the acid name contains the suffix -ous
False
True or false ?
A structural formula shows the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule
True
True or false ?
The central Atom in a molecule is the one with the highest electron affinity
False
True or false ?
In Molecules hydrogen is always a terminal atom
True
True or false ?
The Number of bonding pairs in a molecule is equal to the number of electrons
False
True or false ?
To find the total number of electrons available for bonding in a positive ion you should add the ion charge to the total of valance electrons of the atoms present
False
True or false ?
The electrons in a coordinate covalent bond are donated by both the bonded atoms
False
True or false ?
Resonance occurs when more than one valid Lewis structure can be written for a molecule
True
True or false ?
Nitrate is an example of an ion that forms resonance structures
True
True or false ?
The carbon dioxide molecule contains two double bonds
True
True or false ?
All electrons in an atom are available for bonding
False
True or false ?
In the sulfate ion 32 electrons are available for bonding
True
True or false ?
When carbon oxygen bond the molecule contains 10 pairs of bonding electrons
False
O,3
More than one valid Lewis structure
BF,3
Fewer than eight electrons around an atom
NO
Odd number of valance electrons
SF,6
More than eight electrons around central atom
VSEPER model
Is used mainly to determine molecular shape
The bond angle is the angle between
Two terminal atoms and the central atom
The VESPER model is based on the idea that
Shared and unshared electron pair repel each other as much as possible
Tetrahedral
Shape of a molecule who central Atom has four pairs of bonding electrons
Trigonal pyramidal
Shape of a molecule that has three single covalent bonds and one lone pair on the central Atom
Hybridization
- Formation of new orbitals from a combination or rearrangement of valance electrons
- The orbitals are produced in this way are identical to one another
Sp,3
- When this Atom combines and 3P orbitals and it’s one S orbital the orbitals that result
- methane is an ex
Electronegativity
Tendency of an Atom to attract electrons
True or false?
ionic compounds are usually consolable and polar substances
True
True or false ?
In a covalent bond molecular compound the attraction between molecules tend to be strong
False
Polar covalent bond
Unequal sharing of electrons between two bonded atoms
Electronegativities of two bonded atoms differ greatly the bond is
Ionic
What is the electronegativity difference that usually is the dividing line between covalent and ionic bond?
1.7
Nonpolar covalent bond
Electrons are shared equally
Molecules containing only polar covalent bonds
May or may not be polar
What factor other than electronegativity determines whether a molecule as a whole is polar or not?
It’s geometry
H2O
Polar overall with polar covalent bonds
