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Chemistry > Ch. 25 Nuclear Chemistry > Flashcards

Ch. 25 Nuclear Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

The discovery of the ______ in 1895 by Wilhelm roentgen opened w whole new filed of research

A

X- Ray

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2
Q

The curries discovered that some forms of matter give off _______ a combination of particles and energy

A

Radiation

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3
Q

Marie curie names this process_________

A

Radioactivity

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4
Q

Another term used to describe the process by which one element spontaneously changes into another element is

A

Radioactive decay

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5
Q

Any isotope that undergoes radioactive decay is called

A

Radio isotopes

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6
Q

There are 3 forms of radiation, one type is a form of energy known as

A

Gamma ray

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7
Q

The form of radiation containing the heavier particle is made up of helium nuclei called

A

Alpha particle

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8
Q

The form of radiation containing the lighter particle consist of electrons called

A

Beta particles

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9
Q

Wilhelm discovered the form of energy known as

A

X-Ray

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10
Q

When a radioactive nucleus gives off a gamma ray, it’s atomic number increases by

A

0

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11
Q

The three types of radiation were first identified by

A

Rutherford

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12
Q

Each alpha particles carries an electric charge of

A

2+

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13
Q

Each beta particle Carrie an electric charge of

A

1-

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14
Q

Each gamma ray carries an electric charge of

A

0

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15
Q

The number of stable isotopes that existing pared to the number of unstable isotopes is

A

Much less

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16
Q

A lightweight isotope is likely to be stable if the ratio of protons to neutrons in its nucleus is

A

1:1

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17
Q

A neutron is a

A

Nucleon

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18
Q

The positron produced during emission comes from a

A

Proton

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19
Q

During electron capture a proton in the nucleus of an atom is converted into

A

Neutron

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20
Q

Atoms located above the band stability on a graph of numbers of a neutron versus number of protons are usually unstable because they contain too many

A

Neutrons

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21
Q

True or false ?

Transmutation is the conversion of an atom of one element to an Atom of another element

A

True

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22
Q

True or false ?

All nuclear reactions involve some type of nuclear transmutation

A

True

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23
Q

True or false ?

Scientist induce transmutations by bombarding stable nuclei with high-energy alpha beta or gamma radiation

A

True

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24
Q

True or false ?

The first induced nuclear transmutation was Carried out by Marie and Pierre curie in 1897

A

False

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25
Q

True or false ?

Most induced transmutation reactions are produced in high energy particle accelerators

A

True

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26
Q

True or false ?

Neptunium and plutonium were the first transuranium elements discovered

A

True

27
Q

True or false ?

The nuclear formula for a neutron is n

A

False

28
Q

True or false ?

The half life of a radio isotope is the time it takes for that isotope to decay

A

False

29
Q

True or false ?

A radioisotope that decays very rapidly has a short half life

A

False

30
Q

True or false ?

Radio isotopes with. Rey long half lives are seldom found in earths crust

A

True

31
Q

True or false ?

Temperature is the only factor that affects the half life of a radioisotope

A

False

32
Q

True or false ?

Carbon dating is not used to measure the age of rocks because the half life of carbon -14 is too short

A

True

33
Q

True or false ?

Temperature is the only that affects the half life of a radio isotope

A

False

34
Q

True or false ?

Carbon dating is not used to measure the age of rocks because the half life of carbon -14 is too short

A

True

35
Q

True or false ?

After an organism dies its ratio of carbon -14 to carbon -12 and carbon -13 increased

A

False

36
Q

True or false ?

Scientist currently believe that all of the possible transuranium elements have been discovered

A

False

37
Q

True or false mass number and atomic number are conserved in all nuclear reactions

A

True

38
Q

True or false ?

A nuclear reactor produces energy form fuel rods containing uranium -238

A

True

39
Q

True or false ?
The amount of energy produced for each kilogram of uranium is about the same as the amount of energy from a kilogram of coal

A

False

40
Q

True or false ?

The only elements that can be used as fuel in a nuclear power plant are those in which a chain reaction can occur

A

True

41
Q

True or false ?

If more than a critical mass is present in sample that sample is said to have supercritical mass

A

False

42
Q

True or false ?

Water is most common coolant used in a nuclear reactor

A

True

43
Q

True or false ?

Nuclear power plants usually produce electricity

A

True

44
Q

True or false ?

The purpose of control rods in a nuclear reactor is to reflect neutrons back into the core

A

False

45
Q

True or false ?

The production of energy in nuclear reactor can be stopped by pulling out all control rods

A

False

46
Q

True or false ?

A breeder reaction produces more fuel than it uses

A

True

47
Q

True or false ?

The fission products produced In nuclear power plants are not radioactive

A

False

48
Q

True or false ?

An uncontrolled chain reaction led to the nuclear accident in Chernobyl Ukraine

A

True

49
Q

PET

A

A procedure that uses positrons to detect many different medical disorders

50
Q

Geiger Counter

A

Uses a gas filled metal tube to detect and measure radiation

51
Q

100-300 mrem

A

The annual amount of radiation to which a person is normally exposed

52
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

Radiation energetic enough to break apart atoms

53
Q

Rad

A

A unit used to measure the amount of radiation absorbed by a body

54
Q

Iodine -131

A

Used to detect disorders of the thyroid gland

55
Q

Rem

A

A unit used to measure the amount of damaged done to a body

56
Q

Genetic damage

A

Radiation damage that can affect chromosomes and offsprings

57
Q

Neutron activation analysis

A

A method used to detect very small amounts of an element in a sample

58
Q

Scintillation counter

A

Contains phosphors that detect radiation

59
Q

Radio tracer

A

A radioisotope used to indicate the presence of an element in a sample

60
Q

Gamma ray

A

This type of radiation easily penetrated human tissue

61
Q

Somatic damage

A

Damaged caused by radiation that affects a person but not their off spring

62
Q

Phosphor

A

A material that gives off light when struck by radiation

63
Q

Film badge

A

Worn by workers to monitor radiation exposure

Chemistry (13 decks)

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