Ch. 7 The Elements Flashcards
Why are the elements in groups 1A-8A called representative elements ?
Because as a group they display a wide range of physical and chemical properties
What do all elements in a group have in common ?
They have the same number of valence electrons
How many valence electrons do group 1A elements have ?
2 valence electrons
How many valence electrons do group 2A elements have ?
1 valence electron
What is the difference between the electron configurations for elements in groups 1A and 2A, and those for elements in groups 3A-8Aa ?
Groups 1A & 2A have valence electrons in s orbitals
- 3A-8A have p orbitals
Why don’t all the elements in a group have the same properties ?
The valence electrons differ
Why is hydrogen not considered a part of any group ?
It has both metallic and non metallic properties
How does hydrogen act like a metal ?
It donates an electron
How does hydrogen act Ike a non metal ?
It accepts an electron
Name 2 way hydrogen is produced in the lab
- By chemical substitution
2. The burning of substances
True or false ?
Alkali and alkaline earth metals are not reactive
False
True or false ?
Alkali metals are shiny Gray solids soft enough to be cut by a knife
True
True or false ?
The metal lithium has a diagonal relationship with the metal magnesium
True
True or false ?
An alloy is a compound of a metal and oxygen
False
True or false ?
Sodium and potassium are the most abundant alkali metals
True
True or false ?
Potassium chloride can be used as a substitute for sodium chloride
True
True or false ?
Alkaline earth metals form ions with a +2 charge
True
True or false ?
The order of reactivity of the alkaline earth metals from most to least reactive is beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium
False
True or false ?
Alkaline earth meat and do not react with oxygen
False
Sodium consist of :
Baking soda
Calcium consist of :
Chalk
Barium consist of :
X rays
Beryllium consist of :
Non sparking tools
Magnesium consist of :
Chlorophyll
Strontium consist of :
Fireworks
Potassium consist of :
Fertilizers
Lithium consist of :
Treating bipolar disorders
Which is more reactive?
Li, Na, K
K
Which is more reactive ?
K, Fr, Na
Fr
Which is more reactive ?
Ba, Mg, Be
Ba
Which is more reactive ?
Li, K, Ba
Ba
What does the p-black elements contain ?
Metals, metalloids, non metals and noble gasses
Boron is found in California in the form of ?
Borax
________ is the most abundant metal in earths crust.
Aluminum
Boron nitride and aluminum oxide are both _______
Abrasives
Graphite and diamond are are ex’s of ________
Allotropes
- because they are different forms of the same element in the same state
Organic chemistry
Is the branch of chemistry that studies most carbon compounds
Minerals
Are carbonates, cyanides, carbides, sulfide and oxides of carbon are classified as inorganic compounds
Silicon
Is the second most abundant Element in earths crust
Computer chips made of silicon are less efficient than______ chips
Gallium
Plants and animals get the nitrogen they need from ?
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
The major industrial use for nitrogen is to make ______
Ammonia
Some of the uses for phosphorous are :
In cleaning products and fertilizers
Hydrogen sulfide
Is used as an energy source by certain bacteria living near ocean vents
Oxygen
Is the most abundant element in earths crust
Ozone is
An allotrope of oxygen
The release of phosphate ions from fertilizers or detergents into bodies of water may lead to depletion of dissolved oxygen because
Phosphate ions serve as nutrients for algae
Selenium
Is used in solar panels because it can convert light into electricity
Fluorine
The most chemically active of all the elements
Used for chlorine:
Bleaches, disinfectants, and plastics
Transition metals
Are elements whose final electron enters a d-sub level
Inner transition metals
Are elements whose electron enters f-sub level
How are differences I properties among the transition elements explained ?
By the ability of d electrons to move into the valence level
State 3 ways transition metals are separated from their ores
Heat, electricity, or by using solutions
Tungsten
Are classified as strategic metals
Chromium
Are classified as strategic metals
Zinc
- Provides a protective coating to resist rusting
- found in molecules that help the body digest proteins and eliminate carbon dioxide
Cobalt
- needed for the development of red blood cells
- are classified as strategic metals
Iron
- found in the center of a hemoglobin molecule
- the main Element in steel
Platinum
- can control the conditions at which a reaction occurs
- are classified as strategic metals
Manganese
- involved in cell respiration
- are classified as strategic metals
Copper
- used in electrical wiring
- involved in cell respiration
Silver
- the best conductor of electricity
Lathanides
They are usually found mixed together in nature
Welders goggles contain __________ and ________ because these elements absorb high energy radiation
Neodymium and praseodymium
Because some of its compounds emit red light when excited by electrons __________ is often used in tv screens
Yttrium
The _______ are radioactive
Actinides
Transuranic elements
Elements with atomic numbers above 92
Some smoke detectors used in the home contain. ________
Americium
