Ch. 5 Electrons In Atoms Flashcards
Electromagnetic radiation
Is a kind of energy that behaves like a wave that travels through space
Ex of electromagnetic radiation
- Light
- X- Rays
- Radio waves
- Microwaves
All waves can be characterized by their:
- Wavelength
- Amplitude
- Frequency
- Speed
Wavelength
The shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave
Amplitude
The height of a wave from the origin to a crest or from the origin to a trough
Frequency
Is the number of the waves that pass a given point in one second
Hertz
Is the SI unit for frequency, which is equivalent to one wave per second
Quantum
Is the minimum amount of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom
According to plancks theory, for a given frequency, v, matter can emit or absorb energy only in
Whole number multiples of HV
Photoelectric effect
Is the phenomenon In which electrons are emitted from a metals surface when light of a certain frequency shines on it
Photon equation is
Ephoton = HI
True or false ?
Like the visible spectrum an atomic emission spectrum is a continuous range of colors
False
True or false ?
Each element has a unique atomic emission spectrum
True
True or false ?
A flame test can be used to identify the presence of certain elements in a compound
True
True or false ?
The fact that only certain colors appear in an elements atomic emission spectrum indicates that only certain frequencies of light are emitted
True
True or false ?
Atomic emission spectra can be explained by the wave model of light
False
True or false ?
The neon atoms in a neon sign emit their characteristic color of light as they absorb energy
False
True or false ?
When an atom emits light photons having certain specific energies are being emitted
True
Ground state
The lowest allowable energy state of an atom
Bohrs model of the atom predicted
Frequencies of the lines In hydrogens atomic emission spectrum
According to bohrs atomic model, the smaller an electrons orbit
The lower the atoms energy level
According to bohrs atomic model the larger an electrons orbit
The higher the atoms energy level
Bohrs proposed that when energy is added to a hydrogen atom
It’s electron moves to a higher energy orbit
According to bohrs atomic model, the hydrogen atom emits a photon corresponding to
The different energy levels associated with the two orbits in transitions between
Bohrs atomic model failed to explain
The atomic emission spectrum of elements other than hydrogen
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Stated that it is impossible to know both the velocity and the position of a particle of the same time
Schrodinger wave equation
Originally applied to hydrogen atom it led to the quantum mechanical model of the atom
Quantum mechanical model of the atom
The modern model of the atom that treats electrons as waves
Atomic orbital
A three dimensional region around the nucleus representing the probability of finding an electron
Atomic orbitals _____ have an exactly defined size
Don’t
Each orbital may contain at most _____ electrons
2
All “s” orbitals are ______ dumbbell shaped
Spherically shaped
A principle energy has ____ energy sub levels
N
The maximum number of _______ related to each principle energy level equals 2n2
Electrons
There are ____ equal energy p orbitals
Three
Hydrogens principle energy level 2 consist of _________ and ______ orbitals
2s and 2p
Hydrogens principle energy level 3 consist of ___ orbitals
9
Electron configuration
Is the arrangement of electrons in an atom
Electrons in an atom tend to assume the arrangement that gives the atom ________ possible energy
Lowest
This arrangement of electrons is the most_____ arrangement also called the atoms ___________
- Stable
2. Ground state electron configuration
Aufbau principle
States that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available
Pauli exclusion principle
States that the maximum of two electrons may occupy a single atomic orbital but only if the electrons have opposite SPINS
Hunds rule
States that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins occupy the same orbitals
Valence electrons
The electrons in an atoms outermost orbitals
In an electron dot structure the elements symbol represents
Atoms nucleus and inner level electrons
Which electrons are represented by the dots in an electron dot structure ?
Valence electrons
