Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biol 1500 > Ch 9: Cell Respiration > Flashcards

Ch 9: Cell Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Breakdown of organic molecules

A

exergonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fermentation

A

No O2 present
partial degradation of sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cell Respiration

A

consumes O2 & organic molecules
yields ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Carbohydrates, fats & proteins

A

consumed as fuel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Redox Reaction

A

chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the transfer of electrons during chemical reactions

A

releases energy stored in organic molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oxidation

A

substance loses electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Reduction

A

substance gains electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Reducing agent

A

electron donor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oxidizing agent

A

electron acceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In cell respiration what is oxidized & what is reduced

A

fuel (glucose) is oxidized & oxygen in reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Electrons from organic compounds are

A

transferred to NAD+ (coenzyme)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

NAD+ is a

A

electron acceptor (oxidizing agent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

NADH is

A

stored energy that is tapped to synthesize ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stages of Cellular Respiration (CR)

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Citric Acid Cycle
  3. Oxidative phosphorylation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glycolisis

A

glucose becomes 2 pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Citric Acid cycle

A

breaks down pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

oxidative phosphorylation

A

ATP synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which of CR’s steps is powered by redox reactions

A

oxidative phosphorylation

20
Q

Where does glycolysis occur

A

outside the mitochondria (cytoplasm)

21
Q

where does citric acid cycle occur

A

inside the mitochrondira

22
Q

what are the 2 types of phosphorylation

A
  1. oxidative phosphorylation
  2. substrate-level phosphorylation
23
Q

oxidative phosphorylation (OP)

A

by means of redox reactions

24
Q

substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP)

A

glycolysis & citric acid cycle

25
Q

which kind of phosphorylation is responsible of making 90% of ATP in CR

A

OP

26
Q

2 major phases of glycolysis

A
  1. energy investment
  2. energy payoff
27
Q

citric acid cycle (krebs) makes

A

1 ATP, 3 NADH, & 1 FADH2 every turn

28
Q

NADH & FADH2 are

A
  • electron carriers
  • most of E extracted from food
29
Q

what do NADH & FADH2 do

A

donate e- to ETC that powers ATP synthesis via OP

30
Q

where does ETC occur

A

cristae of mitochondria

31
Q

ETC process

A

carriers change reduced/oxidized states as they accept/donate electrons

32
Q

what happens to the free E of e-

A

free E drops as they go down chain

33
Q

what is the final e- acceptor in ETC

A

O2

34
Q

Does the ETC generate any ATP?

A

no

35
Q

what is the function of the ETC

A

to break the large free E drop from food to O2 into to smaller steps c release E in manageable amt

36
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

e- transfer in ETC causes proteins pump H+ into intermembrane space

H+ moves back across membrane passing through ATP synthase

ATP synthase uses exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP

37
Q

how does chemiosmosis work

A

uses E in an H+ gradient to drive cellular work

38
Q

flow of E in CR

A

glucose -> NADH -> ETC -> H+ gradient -> ATP

39
Q

what is the H+ gradient also known as

A

proton-motive force

40
Q

how efficient is CR

A

40% of glucose molecule makes 38 ATP

41
Q

what e- acceptor do some other anaerobic respirations use

A

sulfate

42
Q

what mechanism does fermentation use instead of of ETC

A

phosphorylation

43
Q

CR needs O2, but glycolysis doesn’t. In the absence of O2, what happens?

A

glycolysis couples with fermentation to produce ATP

44
Q

what are the types of fermentation

A

lactic acid & alcohol

45
Q

what is fermentation

A

reactions that regenerate NAD+ that can be reused by glycolysis

46
Q

what is the final e- acceptor for fermentation

A

pyruvate

47
Q

what are facultative anaerobes

A

organisms that survive by using either fermentation or CR

Ex: yeast & bacteria

Biol 1500 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions