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Biol 1500 > Ch 10: Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Ch 10: Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

photosynthesis

A

solar energy -> chemical energy

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2
Q

autotrophs

A
  • self feeders
  • sustain themselves w/o eating anything derived from other organisms
  • producers
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3
Q

producers

A

make organic molecules from CO2 & other inorganic molecules

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4
Q

plants are ______

A

photoautotrophs

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5
Q

photoautotrophs

A

use light energy to make organic molecules

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6
Q

organisms that do photosynthesis

A

plants, algae, certain other protists, & some prokaryotes

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7
Q

heterotrophs

A

get organic material from other organisms
- consumers
- depend on photoautotrophs

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8
Q

chloroplasts

A

organelle where photosynthesis happens

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9
Q

chlorophyll

A

green pigment in chloroplasts

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10
Q

light energy absorbed by chlorophyll drives ________ of organic molecules in chloroplast

A

synthesis

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11
Q

CO2 enters and O2 exits through

A

stomata

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12
Q

mesophyll

A

interior tissue of the leaf
- where most chloroplasts are found

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13
Q

thylakoid

A

connected sacs in chloroplast

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14
Q

thylakoid could be stacked in columns called

A

grana

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15
Q

stroma

A

dense fluid

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16
Q

photosynthesis equation

A

6CO2 + 12H2O + light => C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

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17
Q

CO2 splits into

A

O in water, C6 & O6 in glucose

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18
Q

H2O splits

A

H12 in glucose, H2 in water, & O2

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19
Q

photosynthesis is a ____ process

A

redox

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20
Q

H2O is _____ & CO2 is _______

A

oxidized

reduced

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21
Q

two stages of photosynthesis

A

light reactions & calvin cycle

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22
Q

light reactions happen in

A

thylakoid

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23
Q

calvin cycle happens in

A

stroma

24
Q

light reaction

A
  • split water
  • release O2
  • produce ATP
  • make NADPH
25
Q

calvin cycle

A
  • makes sugar from CO2
  • uses ATP & NADPH
  • carbon fixation
26
Q

thylakoids (light reaction)

A

transform light energy into chemical energy of ATP & NADPH

27
Q

wavelength

A

distance between crests of waves

28
Q

What does wavelength determine/

A

type of electromagnetic energy

29
Q

spectrophotometer

A

measure’s pigments ability to absorb various wavelenghts

30
Q

absorption spectrum

A

graph plotting a pigment’s light absorption versus wavelength

31
Q

chlorophyll a

A

violet & red light is best for photosynthesis

32
Q

action spectrum

A

relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving a process

33
Q

chlorophyll b

A

broadens the spectrum

34
Q

caroteniods

A

absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyll

35
Q

what are the two accessory pigments?

A

chlorophyll b & carotenoids

36
Q

what is a photosystem

A

reaction center (RC) surrounded by light-harvesting complexes (LHC)

37
Q

LHC

A

pigment molecule bound to proteins
- funnel energy of photons to reaction center

38
Q

primary electron acceptor

A

accepts an excited electron from chlorophyll a

39
Q

two types of phyotosystems

A

photosystem I and photosystem II

40
Q

photosystem II (PSII)

A
  • functions first
  • 680 nm
41
Q

photosystem I (PSI)

A

700nm

42
Q

the 2 photosystems work together to

A

use light energy to generate ATP & NADPH

43
Q

after light reactions there are 2 possible routes for electron flow

A

cyclic & noncyclic

44
Q

noncyclic electron flow

A
  • primary pathway
  • both photosystems
  • makes ATP & NADPH
45
Q

cyclic electron flow

A
  • photosystem I
  • produces ATP
  • generates extra ATP, satisfies higher demand in calvin cycle
46
Q

what two structures generate ATP by chemiosmosis

A

chloroplast & mitrochondria

47
Q

mitochondria

A

transfers chemical energy from food to ATP

48
Q

chloroplast

A

light E -> ATP

49
Q

calvin cycle uses ATP & NADH to convert ____ to sugar

A

CO2

50
Q

Calvin cycle has 3 phases

A
  • carbon fixation
  • reduction
  • regen of CO2 acceptor (RuBP)
51
Q

what is carbon fixation catalyzed by

A

rubisco

52
Q

how does carbon enter the calvin cycle?

A

as CO2

53
Q

how does carbon leave the calvin cycle?

A

G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)

54
Q

how many cycles does it take to make one G3P

A

3 cycles => 3 molecules of CO2

55
Q

what gets reduced in calvin cycle

A

NADH

Biol 1500 (10 decks)

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