Ch 9 Flashcards
A typical cell goes through a series of different life stages. What is the cell’s “main goal” in each stage?
G0:
This is a resting phase or a phase where cells exit the cycle. Cells in G0 are in a non-dividing
state.
Main Goal: Maintain cellular functions without preparing for division.
G1,:
This is the first phase of the interphase where the cell grows and carries out its normal functions.
Main Goal: Grow in size, produce RNA and synthesize proteins. Prepare for DNA replication.
S:
This is the synthesis phase.
Main Goal: Replicate the DNA to ensure that the two future cells will each have an identical set
of DNA molecules.
G2:
This is the last part of interphase before mitosis begins.
Main Goal: Continue to grow and produce the necessary proteins for cell division. Check the
DNA for any replication errors.
M:
This is the mitotic phase where cell division takes place.
Main Goal: Ensure the cell divides properly to produce two daughter cells, each with the same
number of chromosomes.
Sister chromatids together make (1 or 2) chromosome(s). Sister chromatids apart make (1 or 2) chromosome(s).
1, 2
- Sister chromatids together: Before a cell divides, its DNA is duplicated.
Sister chromatids are (identical/similar). Homologous chromosomes are (identical/similar). Why?
identical, similar
Sister chromatids are identical because they result from the replication of a single
chromosome during the S phase of the cell cycle.
Homologous chromosomes are similar because they carry the same genes in the same
order, but they may have different alleles or versions of those genes, one inherited from
the mother and the other from the father
During which stage of mitosis do the centromeres split?
Anaphase
Mitosis phases
- Prophase: Chromosomes condense; nuclear envelope fades; spindles form.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align in the middle.
- Anaphase: Chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends.
- Telophase: Chromatids decondense; nuclear envelope returns.
What is the correct order of the stages of mitosis?
F. 1-Metaphase 2-Telophase 3-Anaphase 4-Prophase
4,1,3,2
What is the correct order of the stages of mitosis?
F. 1-Metaphase 2-Telophase 3-Anaphase 4-Prophase
4,1,3,2
a. G1, S, and G2 are collectively called ___
b. Mitosis and cytokinesis together are called ____
Interphase (I), Mitotic Phase (M).
What event happens during interphase?
Metabolic processes are carried out by the cell.
Which of the following statements are true about the events of the cell cycle?
A. The longest phase is the M phase.
The G1, S, and G2 phases are called the interphas
Full Cell cycle (Interphase and M Phase)
Interphase:
G1: Cell growth and normal functions.
S: DNA replication.
G2: Preparation for mitosis (more growth).
Mitosis (M Phase):
Prophase: Chromosomes condense and spindle forms.
Metaphase: Chromosomes align in the middle.
Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate to opposite ends.
Telophase: Nuclear envelopes reform; chromosomes decondense.
Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm splits, creating two daughter cells.
G1 (Growth), S (Synthesis of DNA), G2 (Growth again before division), PMAT (Prophase,
Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase), C (Cytoplasm splits).
The four main steps of mitosis are______?
the prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
During Metaphase, chromosomes align on the _____
metaphase plate.
Match the name to the function:
A. Kinetochore microtubules B. Asters C. Polar microtubules
___-Attach pole to pole
___ -Keep attached to cell membrane
___ -Attached to each sister chromatid
C, B, A
What is the role of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in normal cells?
Proto-oncogenes:
- Normal Role: Promote cell growth and division.
- In cancer: When mutated, can lead to uncontrolled growth
Tumor Suppressor Genes:
- Normal Role: Inhibit cell growth and division.
- In Cancer: when mutated, lose their ability to restrain growth.
- Proto-oncogenes = cell growth promoters.
- Tumor suppressor genes = cell growth inhibitors.
